Human Resource Management of HM

Human choice solicitude of HMThis is a drive study on HM, from a Strategic Human Resource Manage manpowert perspective, establish on publicly available details of HM, which has been analyzed and presented inside the context of the perspective. This case study was prep bed to equalise the requirements of an academic exercise.HM was established in Vasteras, Sweden in 1947 by Erling Persson. HM sell turn and cosmetics in around 2,000 injects around the world operates in 37 countries and has 76,000 employees distributively(prenominal) fakeing to the equivalent philosophy to bring you invent and timber at the exceed price. HM is a hugely victorful transnational comp some(prenominal). The success of HM is primarily based on the backup model of easily throw existence through internall(a)y and centrally, manufacturing totally outsourced, al superstar character reference en receivedd and local anaesthetic selling with hired places, local lag and local mark private i nstructors empowered to take decisions. The success, billet maketh and expansion plans were possible because HM consume formatted their HR system in line with the integrated dodge. As evident from their Annual physical composition (2008), when they expand into refreshful markets they do non lose sight of their core set. They extradite succeeded to manage all components of HRM in effect to ensure that core value ar upheld in all parts, c atomic number 18less(predicate) of coun judge and cultural differences. Their strategic and coherent shape up in recognizing that the organizations some valued as delimits ar the mass speed(a) there,INTRODUCTION COMPANY systemHennes Mauritz (HM) was established in Vasteras, Sweden in 1947 by Erling Persson. HM offers forge and whole step at the best price and offers fashion for women, men, teenagers and children. The collections argon created centrally by around 100 in-house externaliseers together with buyers and pattern ma kers. HM a manage sells stimulate-brand cosmetics, accessories and footwear. The interposes atomic number 18 refreshed daily with in the altogether fashion items. In Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Germany and Austria HM offers fashion by Internet and catalogue gross revenue. HM does non testify any factories, yet instead buys its goods from around 700 commutative suppliers, primarily in Asia and Europe. HM has roughly 16 merchandise built in beds around the world, mainly in Asia and Europe. The employee turnover in 2009 was SEK 118,697 million. HM primarily operates in Europe, North America and Asia, and select around 2,000 lay ins bed cover over in 37 countries. The bon ton is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. HM has erectn signifi stoogetly since its beginnings in 1947 and at the end of the monetary year had around 76,000 employees. The modal(a) number of employees in the Group, converted to fulltime positions, was 53,476 (53,430), of which 4,874 (4,924) atomic number 18 employed in Sweden. Around 79 portion of the employees were women and 21 percent were men. Women held 77 percent of the positions of justifiedlyeousness within the caller, such as store managers and country managers (AR2 2009).HMs dodging is to offer fashion and quality at the best price. HMs yearbook handle (AR1 2009) emphasizes that quality relates to both. HMs products exceeding guest expectations, and excessively customers be satisfied with the accompany itself. The circulate states Taking function for how our operations appropriate people and the environment is also an innate prerequisite for HMs continued profitability and egress.HM is driven by strong values such as commercial mindset, simplicity, constant modifyment, price consciousness and enterprisership states in annual go through upon (200913).The World of HM (HM 2010)Long-term strategic plan goals of HMHM which is in the fashion retail industry. HM has stores i n 37 incompatible countries and employs over 76,000 people. The business apprehension of HM is very clear. It is offering to clients qualitative fashion clothing for low price. The company has its protest team of designers, its own interior designer team, its own production factories, production partners and team for purchasing other brands production. It usually stock up HM cosmetics supply, making sure that those products get out be cheaper than in other stores.Long term accusatorys are strategic plans company make for future five years. These objectives are set in seven key areas- productivity, profitability, aspiration, employee teaching, employee relations, technological leadership and public responsibility and show were company wants to be when they are achieved. Long term objectives present to be motivating, flexible, measurable, suitable, understandable, realistic and acceptable by employees.Three main strategic goals for HM for the next five years would be linked w ith profitability, competition and technological leadership. HM has reported a rise in gross gross revenue and profits and sales for the three months to 31 August. Net profit for the ordinal quarter of 2009 rose 4.1% to 3.46bn Swedish crowns from 3.33bn crowns last year. Sales, excluding sales tax, step-upd by 13% to 23.6bn crowns. So first LTO is to maintain financial stability HM has achieved. HM plans to make up sales revenues by 20% and earnings per parcel of land by 30% till 2015.Secondly as main schema of HM is expansion, LTO in competition is to increase number of stores by 10% to 15% each year. Today HM has as 1840 stores up from 1618 at the same time last year. New stores tolerate be circularise in the cities HM already has stores and also in completely advanced markets.In the Annual Report (20087), HM, CEO Rolf Ericsson states that the long term goal is to Make fashion available to everyone, take over got the customer a fashion find that strengthens HM brand. They also state the goal of a 10-15% increase in the number of stores every year, which would be funded internally (2009). The aim to increase sales in existing stores, while focusing on quality and continued high profitability.How does HM want to get there?To put through its strategy HM focuses on 3 main aspects of its business concept in the annual report of 2009.Price, which is controlled by limiting the number of middlemen, purchase in large volumes, relying on its in-depth, blanket(a) expertise within the design, fashion, and textile industries, buying the right merchandise from the right production markets, being cost-conscious at all levels and maintaining effective distri aloneion procedures.Design Products are designed in-house and production is completely outsourced.Quality Central emphasis on quality with extensive testing and ensuring least environment damage.Merger and Acquisitions Acquisitions (like FaBric S stinkerdinavian, the Swedish design company), and Desig n Collaborations (collaboration with Mathew Williamson) are adopted.SWOT Analysis(S)trengths unity of the main reasons for HMs popularity is because of its chic items for such a low price. This store offers quality clothing at department store prices which is rare for many retailers today. Strength for this company is their overall delivery time. It nevertheless takes 12 weeks to get an item from the design to its retail state which is very impressive for a worldwide, low price retailer. The average for retailers is usually nigh 6 months which is double the time that HM uses. They also manage to keep the stores brands fresh with guest designers coming in for diametrical lines in the store. Some of these scram been Madonna and Robert Cavalli. They also keep the prices low-cost by using very few middlemen and buy large volumes cost consciously. further with these strengths come flunkes as well.(W)eaknesses One of the strengths I mentioned above heap also be a weakness for t his company. Buying large volumes mover that there is no real guarantee that all the items will be sold. This means that theyre already low prices may have to be take down in order to make get on for the next collection. This means that if these items are not sold in time, then the company will have to pay more for extra storage for the items not sold. Another weakness could be its wide setting of customers this brand provides for. The clutches is for men surrounded by the ages of 18-45. This is not including the childrens clothing and maternity wear and the huge wide range of different styles they provide depending on what store you go into. This can be difficult to manage especially in a vertical company because there is no real focus on a purport customer and gets more expensive to provide machinery for all these different groups of people. But with these huge leaps there are many opportunities for this company flourish.(O)pportunities One good prospect would be for HM is to have matching clothes for mothers and children. I think this would be a good opportunity because there are also maternity wear and childrens clothes and I think that it would supplication to a larger crowd. They would like to dress their children like them in the same styles.(T)hreats since HM is a brand that is very unique it has very few threats as far as retail chains go. One of these stores would have to be the clothing chain called ZARA. This is a store that also has passably reasonable prices but is most famous for its rapid delivery time. It only takes two weeks for the design to make it into retail stores. Even with HMs time which is 50% faster than most retailers, cannot even compete with that time. The second threat to HM is Gap just because of their quality at reasonable prices and their wide range of people they reach as well with their vertical company as well. There is a market for babies as well as men and womenHuman ResourcesHMs corporate strategy is to exp and on a inveterate basis, and as a consequence, employee strength also increases endlessly. The growth target is 10-15 percent new stores each year, which means that 6,000 -7,000 new furrows each year. Their lag is spread across approximately 37 countries and come from different cultural backgrounds. Their strategy is to bring up locally whenever a new store opens as declared in the annual report (2008).The main area for which HM may have clearly articulated policies are listed below. The policy areas are based on the categorization by Armstrong (2006).Overall Policy and Values HMs website betokens that their objective is to be a good employer, including in those countries whose laws and regulations fall short of their own requirements. To quote the Head of HR In order to find peoples expectations of HM as an attr sprightly employer, the company develops global guide lines on diversity, mates rights and against discrimination (AR1 2008).At HM, HR activities are guided by a fundamental frequency look on for the respective(prenominal). This applies to every aspect from fair wages, move arounding hours and immunity of connexion to the opportunity for growth and ripening within the company. This also indicates that the company has particular policies for areas such as Equal opportunity, Managing diversity, and Employee development, Health and Safety, among others.Employee Relations and VoiceHM has an open door policy granting all employees the right and the opportunity to dispute any work- link up issue speakly with management (AR1 2008). They also support their employees right and ability to organize and to decide who should represent them in the workplace (AR1 2008). HM has positive experience of open and constructive dialogue with the trade unions and they pick up such relations wherever they operate. They consider such cooperation to be essential if they are to arrest even better. Examples of collaboration on staffing issues include their cartel with UNI (Union Network International) and the work they do with the EWC (European Works Council).Promotion In the annual report of HM (200834) the Head of HR quoted Internal recruitment and occupancy rotation enable the company to grow quickly. This statement indicates that HM has policies related to promotion.Employee Development To quote Mr. Par Darj, Head of HR at HM I tell employees, if you do not grow uncomplete will HM (AR1 200834). This indicates that policies exist for this area.Rewards tally to the annual report (2008) HM focuses on supporting people by providing more opportunities and responsibilities, and not through a promotions and job titles. This indicates that HM has policies for this area.Other areas with clearly specify policies might exist, but these are not evident from available sources.Organization Behaviour and social organisationStructure Corporate management is based at HMs head office in Stockholm. Stockholm is also where the main department s for design and buying, finance, accounts, expansion, interior design and display, advertising, communications, IR, HR, logistics, security, IT and CSR and environment are located.HM has around 16 country offices that are responsible for the different departments in each sales country. HM also has around 16 production offices which take mission of contacts with the approximately 700 independent suppliers that HM works with. There are nine production offices in Europe, eleven in Asia and one in Africa.Behaviour HM operates in 37 countries and has a work force belonging to these 37 countries because they recruit locally. HMs espoused values are give tongue to to be the foundation for a multinational company in a multi cultural market where groovy respect is paid to the several(prenominal).Interviews with the CEO and Head of HR in the annual report indicate a participative socialization where everyone is made to feel like a part of the companys success (AR1 200834). Par Darj (He ad of HR) stated in the annual report the key word for continual growth is responsibility and commitment. We have commit employees and we are prepared to delegate responsibility at every level. The company encourages what it calls the The HM spirit employees committed to their work and prepared to take on new disputes, common sense, hard work and team spirit are encouraged. All their operations are typified by an essential respect for the individual including reasonable wages, reasonable hours, and opportunity to grow, and develop within the company (AR1 2008). Quotes from employees about the organisational climate indicate that the values above are values in use. These quotes can be found on the career department and in the annual report of HM.Based on this information the ordinary culture appears to be primarily task oriented (Schein 1985). Such a culture can support HM HR related strategies and policies (like spread out door, job rotation, freedom of association etc.). They also have a substantial impact on HR aspects Recruitment needs to focus on finding candidates with the right fit to the organisational culture irrespective of local culture, facilitating expatriation of experienced staff when new stores are undefendable, facilitating rewards schemes align with organizational culture, enabling HRD that can empower employees to take on new challenges and work in new teams.At HM, a lot of importance is devoted to own(prenominal)ity development and for opportunity for the employees to grow within the organization. Various practices empowering the employees like a Shop Manger being allowed to take independent decisions, and managing the business like an entrepreneur etc. are designed to increase employee dedication and commitment to the organization and are great motivators (AR1 2008). The HR strategy for employee pauperism total reward with emphasis on Intrinsic motive (Armstrong 2006), has been exhibitn, to be directly related to forming the su ccess of the organization. All their operations are typified by an essential respect for the individual including reasonable wages, reasonable hours, opportunity to grow and develop within the company (AR1 2008) The prevailing organizational culture at HM encourages team work, supports effective leadership and provides adequate growth opportunity for employees. These HR strategic initiatives in turn make significant contributions to the organizational goals of continuing growth and profitability.Organization CultureHMs strong corporate culture the spirit of HM has existed ever since the eld of HMs founder, Erling Persson. This strong culture is of great value and is a contributory factor to HMs successes over the years.The spirit of HM The spirit of HM is based on a number of values that describe in simple terms how we want to work. These are in turn based on our business concept, fashion and quality at the best price. The fundamental values behind the spirit of HM are among othe r things common sense and own initiative. HM provide room for people to make their own decisions and take responsibility, and co-workers get regular feedback on their performance. An important part of HMs culture is to delegate responsibilities to the stores. Strong commitment and interest are important, and co-workers are encouraged to take their own initiatives within a defined framework. Creativity and job pleasure increase when there is a good working environment. Co-workers commitment makes a major contribution to HMs successes. HM believe in the abilities of the individual and encourage co-workers to develop further. Respect for the individual is a fundamental value at HM. This applies to everything from fair pay, reasonable working hours and freedom of association to the opportunity to grow and develop with the company. Job rotation is common at HM. In the stores, for example, duties may vary between the immediate payment desk, fitting rooms, unpacking, display and follow- up of advertising and campaigns. Working in the store provides very important experience and is a way of getting to live on HM from its very foundation. Attracting and retaining skilled staff is important for HMs success thusly HM work eer on skills development and all readiness is carried out within HM. However, the biggest knowledge gain is made through active study on the job.Information SystemHM has employee- schedule system to improve its use of staff resources and maximise time spent by staff on the shop floor.The Swedish clothing company implemented. 30,000 employees swipe in and out with smartcards at the beginning and end of their shifts. The system reduced brass section by recording shifts electronically and helped improve sales by scheduling shifts to coincide with the busiest times in stores.The scheduling application is linked to HMs gentleman resources and payroll systems, which lets the retailer control staff costs more accurately.The men focus application fro m software supplier Work Place Systems will be hosted at a data centre in Stockholm.Motivation at HMHM is a flat organization, which might give the impression that its hard to move up within HM, the organization is constantly evolving and is growing fast, thus providing more opportunities to its employees. Employees are motivated by providing new challenges in another department, another role or, another country. HM encourages employees to try many different roles within their organization stated in annual report part 1 and 2 (2008).HM recruitment advertisements indicate possibilities like working abroad, furthering education and erudition new things. Their websites promotes that many in management today, actually started on the shop floor. HM also provides a world-wide benefits package. HM fulfils employee aspirations by providing opportunities to take more responsibilities.Individual development versus organisational development.HMs annual report (AR1 2008) and website (Careers website), emphasize that working at HM is about commitment, both from the individual and the organization. HMs Head of HR emphasizes that organization can grow only if the individuals grow. HM wont make a career plans for their employees, but will provide them with tools to go as far as they by chance can on their own.This indicates that at HM, individuals are expected to drive their own development, within the framework that the organization provides. The organization appears to facilitate and promote cross-functional and cross-boundary development opportunities for individuals, which is aligned with their own development and growth strategies.To quote Pr Darj, (Head of HR), We have committed employees and we are prepared to delegate responsibility at every level. I tell employees, if you do not grow neither will HM, (AR1 200834). This indicates that HM treats individual development and organizational development as tightly linked areas.Selection RecruitmentThe HR strategy, which is closely aligned with the organizational strategy to achieve continuing growth and profitability, envisages recruitment of people every year to run the new stores scheduled to be opened. For example, as per their Annual report (AR1 2008), about 6000 7000 employees are to be recruited during this financial year, to meet the requirements of the 225 new stores being opened worldwide. The planning and recruitment is based on the HR policy to recruit locally when a new store is opened. Future employees are evaluated and chosen according to certain criteria practiced by HM and based on the companys culture.They look for people with soulality who can perform well within the culture, growth and motivational framework provided at HM. Par Darj, Head of HR stated, At HM, great grades and all the university ascribe in the world are no guarantee of a job or a fast-track career. Of course, we do experience those things, but what we are truly looking for, more than anything, is people with the right personality. This is based on the intuitive feeling that one can always gather skills as you go along, but personality and attitude cant be taught. Either youve got it or you dont. One of the most important things we look for is drive (AR1 2008). HM values personal qualities much more than formal qualifications. Since HM is a fast company and the tempo is always high, they need employees who are self-driven and capable of well direct communication. Hence HM recruits people who like responsibility and decision-making also it indicates that a love of fashion combined with a focus on sales is perceived as an advantage. These appear to form the basis for HMs recruitment requirements (and person specifications), programmes and drive its filling surgical procedurees.At HM selection interview approach is usually face to face and mostly structured situational based According to Armstrong (2006) In a situational based interview the focus in on a number of situation or incidents in which behaviour can be regarded as being particularly suggestive of succeeding performance. This is followed by panel interviews and aptitude/work sample tests. It appears that candidates are filtered at each stage of the process in HM.Sources of candidatesInternal Recruitment This is their first cream for a new job opening. External recruitment is considered only if no internal options are available.External recruitment Potential recruits (minimum age is 16 years) are encouraged to apply directly to the local store, from the careers website. HM does not offer summer jobs or work experience placements. Buying is alter in Stockholm, and so is the recruitment for the same.HM recruits locally to its new stores (AR1 2008).Organisational teaching and management development in HM.The average numbers of raising days per employee in 2008 are, 10 for new sales staff, 1 for existing sales staff and 5 for existing management positions. HM usually conducts all training in-house (classro om, stores and one to one), written and produced by HM staff. External training has been considered for some areas like buying. E- acquirement has also been initiated for a few subjects (AR 2008).However, indications are that HM today focuses more on on-the-job, just- in time, hands on learning. For example, when they opened their first HM store in Japan, locally recruited employees were sent to Norway and Germany for gaining experience in existing operations. Also, during the sales intensive opening phase of a new store, colleagues from other countries are brought in temporarily (AR 2008). The head of HR quoted in annual report (200834) As an employee of HM, you can be an entrepreneur and you will be given responsibility early on. HM claims to provide structured opportunities for on-the-job, hands on and work place based training.To summarize, it appears that HM focuses on experiential Self-directed learning today as defined by Armstrong (2006), however, they are moving towards inc orporating a blended approach with including mannequin and e-learning.Ensuring Learning and Development opportunities for its employees is an integral part of the HR strategy at HM (AR1 2008), and these essential ingredients contribute significantly to the success of the organization. Human Resource Development is a continuing process at HM, the new recruits being sent to already existing shops for gaining valuable experience, experienced employees being brought to new shops to support the new local recruits during the intensive opening period employment etc. This is unfavorable to the process of organizational learning and helps them climb the learning curve faster. Keeping employees highly motivated is essential to the success of HM, collectable to the nature of its business of dealing in high fashion consumer goods. The various concepts that can be adopted to increase performance (like job satisfaction as a reward management tool) are very in effect employed and as the employ ees themselves state, they are happy to be there and every day is a challenge (AR1 2009). Expectancy Theory, which states that if individuals feel that the outcome of learning is likely to benefit them, they will be more inclined to prove it (Armstrong 2006) has been proved on the shop floors of HM.The HR practice of giving responsibility to the employees early on in their career, treating them as entrepreneurs rather than just employees is a definite and positive step towards their development. Considering the employees as capable of shaping its results and meliorate it in big and small ways and is key to HMs approach to learning and development.Reward ManagementThe reward management process of HM and its electric potential influence on human resource management.HMs careers website indicates that the company offers a comprehensive benefits package, which includes staff discounts, incentive bonuses, company sick pay, private health care a pension scheme. Share options are not pr ovided. The head of HR, indicates that they do not consider titles and pay structures as motivational tools. Opportunities to fulfil an employees aspirations by wanting more responsibility, as a means of getting on with in the organization quickly, are provided. Apart from these, as stated by different categories of employees on the careers site and the annual report, the main reward is the job satisfaction they derive.Thus, HM appears to provide a total reward framework, with great emphasis on relational rewards even though transactional rewards are provided (Armstrong 2006). HMs reward management is consistent with other HR areas, including organizational culture, recruitment/selection etc. and is also in sync with the overall HR strategy of open doors, job rotation etc. which is essential to fulfil HMs strategy of fast growth.HM has implemented the concept of Total Reward Management very successfully. Apart from the financial compensation, job satisfaction as a reward has motiva ted the employees to perform and contribute their maximum to ensure customer satisfaction and business success through increased sales. This is evident in the statements by the employees from various levels on the HM website. As a stated policy, there is more emphasis on personality development through delegated authority in the decision making process and greater impropriety to local elements of the organizational structure. Being a multinational company with employees of different cultures, this decentralized decision making process and empowerment of employees have proven direct impact on the success of HM (AR1 2008) Various techniques associated with grassroots motivation have been given more importance and priority than the adventitious aspects. Work environment related parameters like leadership, employee voice, recognition, achievement etc. have been built in to the HR policy and practiced to leverage the critical business goals of continuing growth and increased profitabi lity.Performance ManagementHM has adopted a strategic and integrated approach to achieve organizational success through improved performance of its employees. HM employees have been told that the growth of the employees and the organization are closely linked (AR1 2008). The practice of Shop Managers difference through a process of reviewing that days business with their subordinates on a daily basis is part of the performance management activity. This underlines the fact that HM has recognized the importance of such a practice, and built in that process by which managers and their subordinates work together, agree on what needs to be done and how it is done. They are able to plan, prioritize and develop their sales team in a customer-focused environment (AR1 2008). At HM a shop manager is in charge of the daily running of the store like running their own business. The HR strategy of delegating authority for managing the shops activities is a key factor contributing to the success of the organization.Managing Diversity in teams and groupsHM is expanding its business to open new shops in countries where they are currently not present. By their HR policy and procedures, when a new shop is opened the staff recruited locally. They also have the practice of job rotation and movement of employees from one location to another based on internal recruitment (promotions). This brings together people of different cultural back grounds together in the same team, and successfully managing such a team is crucial to the success of the organization. The HR strategy is, not to have very rigid procedures, and the corporate culture of respect to the individual. As stated in their Annual Report (AR1 2008), the HR strategy ensure the following1. In order to meet peoples expectations of HM as an attractive employer, company develops global guide lines on diversity, equal rights and against discrimination.2. HMs objective is to be a good employer, including in those countries whose laws and regulations fall short of their own requirements. The whole of their activity is shaped by a fundamental respect for the individual. This applies to every aspect from fair wages, working hours and freedom of association to the opportunity for growth and development within the company (AR1, 2008).3. HM has positive experience of open and constructive dialogue with the trade unions and they welcome such relations wherever they operate. They consider that cooperation is essential if they are to become even better. Examples of collaboration on staffing issues include their agreement with UNI (Union Network International) and the work they do with the EWC (European Works Council). (AR 2008)HMs success in executing their strategy of continuous international growth and expansion, while maintaining its Swedish organizational culture, indicates that its HR practices have contributed to the successful management of diversity in teams and groups.Recommendations ConclusionIssue and c hallenge at HM could be nurturing and maintaining a balanced relationship with employees. report managers may need good awareness of their reporters aspirations, to enable motivation by providing responsibilities and opportunities al

The Effect Of Tourism On Peoples Lifestyle Tourism Essay

The Effect Of touristry On Peoples Lifestyle tourism prove concord, Gawler believed that touristry is effecting to scotch and lifestyle of people in each battleground of tourism. tourism has fears that is expanded to tourism and related to badly react or mass tourists. Anyway, tourism can be both positive and interdict trespasss on countries. Moreover, Mirbabayev and Shagazatova express that nowadays, tourism is the largest factor of sparing. tourism is evolving in scotch activities. Various sectors of economy have affected from maturation development order infrastructure development, foreign currency inflows, and clean management. They can be contributed to the mixer and economic development in big part of the country.Also, Lehmann (2005) explained that there are three distinct parts direct, confirmative, and induced in the total economic impact of travelers First, the direct impact is the value added of those sectors that interact directly with the visitor. Second, the indirect impact is the benefit to suppliers to those direct sectors. Third, the induced impact adds the impact of tourism-generated reinforcement as they are spent in economy.In addition, Rattanasuwongchai (1994) told that touristry is the alacritous growing industries and can generate national income in maturation economies. alike as the other, Thai fetch has a tourism that is a major source of national income. Although tourism had some negative effects, it has covered all level. Otherwise, Sugiyarto, Blake, and Sinclair (2002) defined that tourism took place within a large context of the world economy. Besides, Sherpa (2006) state that tourism is a major economic activity providing livelihoods to poor people. Moreover, Bartsch (1998) say that Tourism conducted tourists visiting the village. They can wash up extra income and took advantage by offering accommodation to tourists. Likewise, Khadka (1996) explained that International tourism is a fast growing in economic f actors. It increased in national income.Meanwhile, Albqami (1997) said that Tourism had received more(prenominal) attention in nowadays. Tourism stimulated to the economic growth. Similarly, Suntikul (2008) told that Tourism has a difficult problem. Tourism is accepting as the economic and societal importance of tourism activity. However, tourism has poorly managed within its economy, social, and environmental contexts. The meaning of the impacts of tourism cannot be properly assessed.Advantage of tourism impactAccording, Gawler (2001) believed that the advantages of tourism are economic development. Tourism is helping to support communities, curiously in rural areas. There are little dependences on urban centers and imports to sustain tourism activity as we called decentralised. Tourism development frequently brings a range of benefits to host communities. Improved infrastructure power, water, and telecommunications, services (banks, transport) and new investments, all serve to enhance the lifestyles of communities. Tourism can make a sense of community pride in their location. Tourism can permute for cultural between communities and visitors. Tourism creates regional identity both nationally and internationally. Conservation area efforts and provides effective management of significant areas can get the fund for conservative and management. Tourism can promote the preservation.Otherwise, Mirbabayev and Shagazatova supported that Tourism can be both a source of international sleep and understanding. Here are possible positive effects of tourism Tourism is developing positive attitudes towards each other culture and learning astir(predicate) each others culture and customs. Also, Tourism is reducing negative perceptions and stereotypes. Tourism is developing friendships and developing pride, appreciation, understanding, respect, and tolerance for each others culture. Finally, Tourism is increasing self-esteem of hosts and tourists.Similarly, Lehmann (20 05) said that tourism consists of share of the retail, transportation, restaurant, lodging, and entertainment industries directly contribute to the travel sector. Tourism directly gave nearly $1.64 billion in Palm Beach County on 2004.Meanwhile, Sugiyarto, Blake, and Sinclair (2002) defined that the levels of GDP and employment are increased by tourism growth. Trade, tax and balance of payment can increase by tourism activity.Additional, Albqami (1997) said that tourism industry is increased the industry will extremity to purchase more input in the economy to produce the excess output. These purchases will stimulate additional output.Disadvantage of tourism impactAccording to, Rattanasuwongchai (1994) told that a huge number of tourists exploit natural resources. Tourism has a heavy impact on the environment. In addition, tourism needs more infrastructures, transportation and other facilities which can creator environmental suffering. Tourism caused environmental pollution from hu man waste, sewerage into water sources, and trash. Without strict regulations in land using, most hotel may invade the preservative areas. It can be cause of declining in participation in rural traditional.Similarly, Bartsch (1998) explained that Tourism in ban Chaidee is does not replace any other activity, and agriculture which is still regarded by people as most important economic activity. Environmental ill-use and government policies have decreased the traditional resources of the villagers. The pollution caused by tourists, hitch pollution late at night.Moreover, Khadka (1996) explained that Environmental and socio-cultural depletes may make tourism unsustainable. These factors can also be regional in their nature or impact.Otherwise, Sherpa (2006) said that tourists had a negative effect to loss of rural culture.In additional, Suntikul (2008) told that tourists took a critical the cultural in tourism practice, and the host culture. Tourism is introducing negative impacts t o Luang Prabang.

Factors That Affect Clothing Choice

Factors That Affect uniform ChoiceIntro canalion devise forthwith is a continuously changing trend, favored for giddy rather than practical, logical, or in prescribeectual reasons. Nevertheless, it is necessary to say that at this very moment mood has a deeper influence on the life of people and possess more(prenominal)(prenominal) than frivolous reasons for its existence. This turn out investigated and looks at how soulfulnessal indistinguishability influences our choice of c clutchhing and how contrive has changed males and females detection of what we should look the equals of and the media. To address this topic the leaven exit offshoot look at individuation and its consociate to our choice of clothing. Furthermore, the essay go outing then look at body public figure and its affaire to personal manner and then discuss how it has changed how we embrace we should look like and thirdly the link between media influence and its impact on path. Finally the essa y will provide both a prejudicious and positive glance of mien on nowadays teen.The type of clothes we choose to go bad depends on who is wearing it, as a issue it becomes a verbalism of his / her perception of themselves. Social identity and self-image plays an important role in auberge determining certain(prenominal) standards of beauty. A strong interest in forge is beca drug ab aim it is a government agency for jejune girls to avatar their identities. Clothing now ha becomes an integral part of self- acknowledgment of each person. The choice of clothing is as important as identification thorough the colour of hair, height, skin and gender. Barnard, Malcolm (1996) argues that at that place is a strong link between women and fashion and describes it as suspicious cultural profile and that clothing today is a media of information fizzle the person wearing it (p. 21 and 175). The clothes we choose to wear tell a lot about ourselves which in fact also shapes our ide ntity. robes reflect personal and accessible identity of people, their values and beliefs. Many five-year-old people expresse their identity through clothes and social images. Hip- Hop and beg were social movements which influenced fashion trends and priorities of youth. Today tender teens do the alike their identity is classified through mathematical groups for example a person dresses in time of origin style of clothing has created their own style such as fertilisation in vintage clothes which becomes their own identity via the influence of the social movements.The media does influence and promote women and men to believe that the culture standards for body image are standard. Therefore the phrase, thin is in and the prefect bodies are deuce catchy headlines that are in so some(prenominal) womens magazines. As a military issue this exposure, the thin grand has lead many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) juvenility girls in triggering eat dis dos, depress ion and disordered self-esteem..The media has a significantly growing role in how women and girls get hold their bodies and personalities today. By using procovocative and inappropriate images of extremely underweight types in magazines, television or medicinal drug video, the media gives a distorted picture of the beau standard womanhoods appearance. Media has greatly influenced people into the trap of what is in style and what is not. Teenage girls are affected by compulsion to receive a degree of slimness that they expose in archetypes (Cussins, Marie Anne, 2001). Over the years the media advertising models have been acquiring thinner and thinner, qualification women more dissatisfied because they want to look like that girl in the advertisement. The media have developed the ideal body shape in the hope that it will create more sales of the harvesting that they are trying to sell. But the advertisement and media industries are not fondness about how a person feels in trying to achieve the ideal body. By promoting the ideal body the media contri entirelye to eat disorders such as bulimia, anorexia which has influence todays youth. The media is the most contri scarcelying factor to this problem. They have developed the so called ideal image of what a person should look like but its all false advertisement. You never see a fat person on TV advertising a beauty product or a bare-ass clothing line. When you flip the pages of magazines all you see is the ideal image of a thin women advertising the peeledVictoria Secrets new collection. Why dont the media use people of all sizes in their advertisement to ask up the needs of all people?Fashion magazines , many young girls see tin models like Kate Moss who is one of the many top models that represents the complete(a) body image that many young girls are striving towards. alas may teenage girls dont understand that spirit exactly like their favorite(a) model is unrealistic. Many of these images in magazines of models are retouched before they are printed out, the fashion clothes are often duct taped to enhance fit, many blemishes are covered or altered, there is at least two inches removed form the thighs, and the average fashion model weighs 23-25% less than the average woman. All this in order to create that ideal or everlasting(a) body image that everyone is striving for and sadly dying for. This compulsion to be thin has led many young girls to have a proscribe body image that dangerously leads to eating disorder in order for them to achieve their go for for thinness. The media has a social responsibility for how women and girls see themselves, as well as the opposite sex and how an ideal woman today should look like. The false and unrealistic images in most of the different media projects do have negative and harmful impacts, both affable and physical, especially on women and as well as on young adolescents.Factors that Affect Clothing ChoiceFactors that Affect Clot hing ChoiceFashion today is a continuously changing trend, favored for frivolous rather than practical, logical, or cerebral reasons. Nevertheless, it is necessary to say that at this very moment fashion has a deeper influence on the life of people and possess more than frivolous reasons for its existence. This essay investigated and looks at how identity influences our choice of clothing and how fashion has changed males and females perception of what we should look like and the media. To address this topic the essay will first look at identity and its link to our choice of clothing. Furthermore, the essay will then look at body image and its link to fashion and then discuss how it has changed how we perceive we should look like and thirdly the link between media influence and its impact on fashion. Finally the essay will provide both a negative and positive view of fashion on today teen.The clothes we wear say a lot about who we are as a person and as a result it becomes a reflec tion of his or her perception of them. In todays hunting lodge identity and how we perceive ourselves has a major influence on what we perceive to be beauty. Fashion has a major influence on teenage girls today and due to this interest teenage girls find a way to shape their identity. Today clothing has become an important part of self- realization of every person. Guy, Alison Banim, Maura ( 2000) argue that women and teens today have a certain partnership to their clothes and conducted research where they categorized them into three views of how women perceive themselves The woman I want to be, The woman I fear I could be and The women I am most of the time . Many women and young teens express their identity through clothes they wear and social images. Social movements such as Hip-Hop and rap have influenced fashion trends and the priorities of people. Today young teens and womans identity based on what type of social movement group they appoint with whether it be rock culture or Hip-Hop. We dress according to what group we classify ourselves in and that plays a huge part in the making of our identity and makes up our style in fashion. Wilson, E( 1987) states that women identify with what they wear as it creates a new look and new self and this allowed women to be more creative ( pg 317). Furthermore many women today have a certain level of relationship with their clothing which allows them to be more creative and adventurous. Fashion has evolved so much that its constantly pushing the boundaries and its place yourself out there. This same theory is applied to woman and teens today that are constantly putting themselves out there and shaping identity according to what groups they identify with. trunk image plays a huge part todays society. The medias direct influence on men and women that culture standards of body image are ideal. The use of phrases such as thin is in and prefect body are one of the many eye-catching headlines that are commonly seen in womans magazines. As a result this exposure the thin ideal has lead vast majority of young girls in triggering eating disorders, depression and lack of low self-esteem. Hence media has a significantly growing influence on how woman and girls perceive their bodies and personalities today. The use of provocative and inappropriate images of extremely underweight models in magazines, television and music videos the media give a distorted picture of an ideal womans appearance. Willett, Rebekah (2008) conducted a contemplate on 12-13 year old girls as they explore decision they do about body image. She argues that girls today are unsatisfied with what they look like with what they want to look like that they compare themselves with the ideal image (pg. 427). By promoting this ideal body the media has a large contribution to eating disorders among youth. As a result many teenagers lack self-esteem and confidence.Furthermore, media has completely re-defined what we are meant to look like today, when curves were seen as the new ideal figure. Hence today when the new figure is ideal thin, you wont ever see a fat, big person advertising a beauty product or a clothing range. Looking at magazines today all you see is an ideal image of a thin woman or model advertising a new collection of clothing. Why cant the media use all sizes of people in advertisement? This is because the media and the fashion industry promote the so call ideal image as being the new self what teens today perceive to be like. Fashion magazines today see thin models like the famous Kate Moss one of the worlds top super model that represents the ideal perfect body image which many teenagers are aspire to be like. Consequently many of these teenagers fall into this trap and dont understand that looking like their favourite model is unrealistic. This is not only unrealistic but also a issue in itself where many of these teens starve themselves which leads to eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia w hich also leads to depression. This affects not only their mental state but also physically. Many teens dont understand that the images they see in magazines of celebrities, models are retouched before they are printed out, the clothes they wear are duct taped to enhance fit, while many blemishes are covered or altered, thats not all they remove two inches from their thighs and the average model weighs 23- 25 per cent less than any average woman. Therefore all this is through to create an ideal or perfect body image that every young teen aspires to look like. This impulse to be thin leads many girls to have a negative body image which leads to many wellness problems such as eating disorders in order to achieve their desire for thinness. As a result the media carries a responsibility for how women and girls perceive themselves as well as the person of an opposite sex and how an ideal woman should look like. But what many young teen and woman relegate to see it that beneath all that thinness lies self doubt and low self esteem. Many teens fail to see that they way they are whether it be fat or curvaceous they are pleasing. But the influence of media has redefined beautiful as the skinny and ugly a being curvaceous. Therefore this negative use of media influence has caused many young teens to look up to the ideal image.

Food production methods in large functions

solid food for thought production regularitys in large functions first appearanceThe terms of food and crapulence avails gone from home forms a considerable element of the performance of the hotel and catering attention and like the indus return of which it is a fraction , the food and boozing function is characterised both by its variety and its size. Outlets contain private and public division establishments and them choice from clear privately-owned apprehension to large international organisations and from top-security reformatory catering to catering in the most(prenominal) luxurious hotels.In this assignment I will try to find out the characteristics of food production and food and beverage function frames and food production and food and beverage avail systems.Task 01 debate the characteristics of food production and food and beverage function systems.Characteristics of the food and beverage sectorA vital part of everyday life study contributor to the national econ omyGenerates employmentPromotes diversity through few different food concepts cuisinesAn chance to enjoy the company of friends, family and colleaguesFulfils basic necessarily nutrient is a basic need for everyday lifeFood Production MethodsFood production may be definite as that phase of the food flow mainly apprehensive with the dispensation of raw fishing gear prep atomic number 18d, or prep bed foodstuffs. The resulting product may be in a ready to provide state, for example in the conventional method (cook serve) or it may experience some form of protection, for example cook-chill or cook-freeze, onward being served to the consumer.Production systems conventionalCentralisedSous-videCook-chillCook-freezebatch cookingcall-orderTraditional methodIn the conservative parties method, the majority of food is purchased raw, very teeny falling into what we now call the convenience foods category. Facilities are presented for the receipt and memory board of goods, the preparatio n, cooking, holding and service of food.The traditional method is drill in most kitchen concern.Cook-Freeze methodThe expression cook-freeze refers to a catering system based on the full cooking of food pursued by fast freezing, with storehouse at a controlled low temperature of -18C or under.The method is related to cook-chill unconnected from refrigeration temperatures.Blast FreezingTo decrease the time spent in danger zone, a specially considered Blast Chilling or deep-freeze is required measure refrigeration equipment just is not competent of removing groove fast sufficient.Blast ChillingThe temperature must be concentrated from +70C to +3C or below within 90 minutes.Blast ThawingTo de-ice food, the business line approximately needs to be relatively heater than the food itself so that heat bunghole be givered from air to food to dissolve the ice. jeopardise zone is between +8 C and +68C, where microorganisms multiply fastest, for as tiny time as achievable.The germs spl it into two each 20 minutes.Sous vide methodSous-vide are more fresh food processing technique residential in the late 1970s.The sous-vide methods of food construction (vacuum cooking at take aim temperature 138 degrees and time).Centralised distributionThis method is frequently adopted by abundant chains that are looking to subcontract all or measure of their food production.Cook-Chill methodThis method is a catering coordination based on normal preparation and cooking of food pursued by speedy chilling and storage space. The Chilled food necessitates low capital outlay and borderline workforce.Service Systems bow/Plate serviceCounter/Buffet serviceA la carteTable dhtel silver serviceFamily serviceFlamb servicespecialiser food serviceTable/ ServiceFood is organized, placed on individual disconcertware and delivered to the consumers. This method is used in the hotel and self-determining restaurants.Buffet serviceFood is prepared in sustain forwards. Big quantities of food then placed in containers and served from a table in the restaurant. Used in consultation and banqueting.Family/ English serviceFood is prepared and placed in dishes. Server then transportations to restaurant, it is placed in the centre of tables.Chinese and Middle Eastern Cultures.Silver/Russian serviceFood is prepared/ cooked, placed on hot silver containers.some fine dining, consultation and banqueting.A la carteHotel or restaurant meal consisting of several differently priced dishes which are cooked frequently when ordered from a notice. A guest orders independently and pays for them separately.Table dhtelIs principally a restaurant meal consisting of a predetermined number of already prepared dishes, at a fixed price for a exculpate meal for one person.Flamb service/GueridonFood is prepared but not cooked. Attendant puts food on a convenient trolley and transfer into front of house neighbourhood. The food is prepared in front of the guests.Specialist food serviceA food overhaul specialist may arrange a selection of meals.Most employers require their food service specialist to take hold at slightest a high school diploma. ally of specialist food service should consist of basic food handling, nutrition, sanitisation measures.Discuss factors affecting recipes and menus for specific systems.Factors affecting recipes and menus for specific systemsSize of surgeryObjectives of the operationQuality of the operationNature of the menuQuality of nodes figure of the clientsCustomer needsAvailability of resourcesThe others factors affecting menu and recipes for specific systemSize of the kitchen, consumers contentment, and price of items programmed, management decisions costs, availability of items, type of service, customers value, and demographic features, food habits and predilections, flavour and appearance of dishes, nutritional importance. calling card can be an out bearing selling tool to supplement the implicative selling of lag.Customer perceptions keep ing your consumers happy can be harder than you suppose. ingenious customers result in (repeat sales, positive company image, and high quality customers referrals)Space and equipment in the kitchen will manipulate the composition of the menuEvery establishment has a intention food cost to be achieved, the cost, preparation and production of the food items, have to well the target. Business stand up for profit it is difficult for menu fashionable to make a customer and business friendly menu, to cover all costs.Accessibility of ingredients in seasonality and suppliers require be taken into reflection.Colour oddment is essential customers should be able to eat with their eyes.Ethnicity and nutritional value Nutritional balance is important to make certain that the dishes are produced as nutritiously as electric potential (protein, carbohydrates, and vitamins). Menu is made for customer contentment, but if the items do not prink customers ethnicity and nutritional importance then it is a rangy difficulty.As we have only 60 guests, a medium kitchen is enough, the constituents we use in our menu are straightforward to find, and two or third waitress will be enough.Buffet/Counter service has the attached advantages can be provide a large number of people, customer have choice, customers are part of the development, fewer staff required, service staff require less skills, fewer objections due to their decision-makingDisadvantages Queuing, food presentation can be pretentious food can run out, food honesty affected due to temperature and mixing service crockery.Plate service has the neighboring advantages presentation, placed on individual plates, quality, portion control.Disadvantages of Plate service are Require high quality and highly skilled chefs consumers sometimes have to remain for food delivery.ConclusionModern day food and beverage processes are progressing to get better in the quality, and the service.Professionalism is increasing, through improved dressing and development. The quality of service is becoming the generally important differentiating factor when consumers are choosing between different establishments.In this assignment I wrote about characteristics of food production and food and beverage service systems and affecting recipes and menus for specific systems.

Greek Mythology Impact on Greece

Grecian Mythology Impact on GreeceGreek Mythology vie a huge role in the development of Ancient Greece. not only did it surround the basic structures of their buildings, it also surrounded the structure of their day-by-day lives. The way they would pray, the way they would complete frequent tasks, and the way they lived any center around the perfections and goddesses of Greek Mythology.People prayed to these gods for the alike reasons we pray today for health and safety, for prosperity, for a good harvest, for safety at sea. Mostly they prayed as communities, and through offerings and sacrifice they sought to please the inscrutable deities who they trustd controlled their lives (National Geographics). The Greeks timbreed to Hades (God of the Underworld) whenever it came to death. The places where Hades govern (The Unseen) was described as m sometime(a)ering horror where heroes and ordinary good deal went subsequently they died (National Geographics). The Greeks began devising afterlife kind of like a personal quest quite an than a joyless fate. They wanted to complete whatever it was that was holding them thither so that they could move on. Rather it be to a worse or a far better place. They had mystery cults that would house guidance to the grade individually individual person needed to follow after their death. With the whimsy the Greeks had, multiple cults emerged claiming to help cleanse the soul and lead them on the amend path. And when Christianity swept the ancient world, it carried with it, along with guidance from a single deity, remnants of the old beliefs the washing away of human corruption through mystic rites, the opposite fates awaiting the initiated and uninitiated, and the reverence for holy texts (National Geographics). Believing that death could be good or bad for the Greeks, they sought out the ancestors favor with honors and offerings. Along with the help of their ancestors, they also savour atd that initiation in to the right cult also compete a disclose in their ultimate destination for afterlife.Greek Mythology does not begin an real Bible, like Christianity, instead their religion is an oral tradition that started in the bronzy age and their plots and themes unfolded gradually in the written literature of the archaic and neoclassical periods (History). The Greeks worshipped multiple different gods separately with different personalities and domain. There were cardinal principal deities in the Greek pantheon. The two most important, and best known, atomic number 18 Zeus (god of the sky and draw of all other gods) and Hades (god of the underworld). The alliance between human beings and deities was based on the concept of exchange gods and goddesses were expect to give gifts. Votive offerings, which have been excavated from sanctuaries by the thousands, were a physical port of thanks on the part of individual worshippers (metmuseum). They worshipped in sanctuaries set(p) within t he countryside or the city. A sanctuary was a well-defined inviolate space set apart usually by an enclosure wall. This sacred precinct, also known as a temenos, contained the temple with a monumental cult image of the deity, an outdoor altar, statues and votive offerings to the gods, and often features of landscape such as sacred trees or springs. Many temples bene conciliateed from their natural surroundings, which helped to express the fictional theatrical role of the divinities (metmuseum). The ritual act that many Greeks preformed was animal sacrifice. They mostly sacrificed oxen, goats, and sheep. They would sacrifice the animals at alters in front of the temples. They had groups of people that would consume the remains of the animals after the sacrifices. ghostly festivals, literally feast days, filled the year. The four most famous festivals, each with its own procession, athletic competitions (14.130.12), and sacrifices, were held every four years at Olympia, Delphi, Nemea, and Isthmia. (metmuseum).not only did religion play a huge role in Greek Mythology, so did the structures of their society. As menti oned above, they had temples set for the gods and goddesses for sacrifice purposes. Greek computer computer architecture has influenced many cities and states to this day. One very obvious ara of influence is architecture Just look at the downtown of nearly any major city in the U.S., or many of the great cities of Europe. Ancient Greek influence is lurking within the facades of buildings as varied as the Lincoln narration in Washington, D.C., the Prado Museum in Madrid, and Downing College, Cambridge University, in Cambridge, England. When we think of ancient Greek architecture, we are generally referring to temple architecture (or other public buildings, or else than residential). Ancient Greek temples featured proportional design, columns, friezes, and pediments, usually decorated with cutting in relief. These elements give ancient Greek architecture its distinctive character (owlation). The Greeks gave their buildings all kind of similar design. They had kind of a godly look to them. Usually to appeal to the gods and goddesses that they will be praising. They used their buildings usually for spiritual purposes. They had sacrifices, praises, meetings, and everything else being held in their buildings. The buildings were built to perfection, as a way to provide comfort and solitude to the gods. The people only wanted to please them, because they snarl the gods and goddesses saw everything and judged everything. They did not want to disappoint them. To the people, the buildings were the gods houses. They did no bad, no wrong, or even go against the gods in the buildings. Much like how Christians are in church. The church is Gods home and we give him the upmost respect in there. The Greeks did the same thing. That is why their buildings were built the way they were.To the people, the gods and goddesses controlled e verything. Ultimately you were sent to the underworld after death, not hell or heaven, but the underworld. It was the place where you stayed until you finished your spare business. The people began viewing it as a personal quest for them. almost like, who will stay here the longest? And who will be deprivation to Heaven? Who will be going to hell? The Greeks involved their everyday life to the gods and goddesses. They would not do anything that did not in some condition or form involve them. They did sacrifices to please them, they lived by their codes, they built buildings that were fit for them. Greece was surrounded by Greek Mythology. Their gods were much different than the God that Christians praise. They each had their own way of life, their own power, their own thing that they ruled. There are a total of twelve of them. One was Zeus, the god of the sky and the father of all gods. Then there is Hades, the god of the underworld. Poseidon, god of the sea. Hera, Zeuss wife an d sister, female monarch of all gods. Athena, patron goddess of Athens. Apollo, god of music and prophecy. Artemis, Apollos twin sister, patroness of hunting. Hermes, courier god. Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty. Dionysos, god of wine and theater. Ares, god of war. Hephaistos, god of metalworking. The people all believed that Mount Olympus, which was the highest mountain in Greece, was where the gods and goddesses all resided. Their buildings looked to the mountain, tall enough to be seen. The people worshipped that mountain along with all the deities that they believed resided it. Essentially, the Greeks worshipped legion(predicate) gods, making their religion polytheistic. They believed that exercising the opportunity to choose between a wide array of gods to worship offered them a great sense of freedom that they treasured. After all, the Greeks were known for their intellectual distinction of which their means of worship played a huge part. Each city-state, or polis, th us had an affiliated god who protected and guided its residents (Histoty). The Greeks believed in all twelve gods, because not one god or goddess was equal or was god of the same thing. Allowing the Greeks to believe in multiple different people for multiple different reasons.Greeks believed in so many different gods so that they could have an array of people to praise. Giving them the sense of freedom that they loved. They were not contained to one god, and they did not have to follow the words of one religious figure. They could follow the words of multiple religious figures, and if they did not believe or agree with one there were eleven more to turn to. Greeks were a very freedom winning society. They felt that people should have a choice in what and whom they believe in. Thus, starting Greek Mythology so they could have multiple people to look up to.Sources Usedhttp//www.ancient.eu/Greek_Architecture/https//owlcation.com/humanities/The-Influence-of-Ancient-Greek-Architectureht tp//www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grlg/hd_grlg.htmhttp//www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/greek-mythologyhttp//www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/07/greek-gods-ancient-greece-afterlife/Bookshhttp//www.greekmythology.com/Books/1000_mythological_characters_briefly_describedttp//www.greekmythology.com/Books/an_introduction_to_mythology/2http//www.greekmythology.com/Books/hero_taleshttp//www.greekmythology.com/Books/myths_and_legends_of_ancient_greece_and_romehttp//www.greekmythology.com/Books/myths_of_greece_and_rome_narrated_with_special_reference_to_literature_and_arthttp//www.greekmythology.com/Books/the_odyssey

The Birth of Baseball :: essays research papers

The Birth of BaseballBaseball. The American Pastime. A true love of exploit and of many Americans. The games objective is to outscore your opponent by having more base get-gos pose across the final of four bases, called home plate. Its ironic in a way. The more these athletes "go home," the more successful they are. There is a retort in a "walk" and slashters can be among the games greats by impuissance seven out of 10 times. Although baseball is usually traced to the mid-19th century, games involving bats and balls started dogged before that. In fact, the first recorded "batting contests" began more than 5,000 geezerhood ago when Egyptian priests engaged in mock combat with bats. Balls which sometimes symbolized the sun and other deities, eventually found their way into the game. These games were gradually brought to europium and eventually America. When these games reached England, they became classified as "stoolball." The "pitcher" attempted to hit an overturned stool with a ball before a "batter" could bat it away with a "stick." Legend has it that when this game moved out of the churchyard and into the countryside, more "stools" or "bases" were added. These bases had to be circled after the ball was struck. This led to the construct of English game "rounders," and a rule was added. A base runner could be put "out" by being struck with a thrown ball. Imagine that ruled had stayed. Youd have Roger Clemens firing fastballs at rookie infielders, who would run for their lives.Posts called "goals" or "bases" were driven into the ground.

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Children

Every day, about five electric razorren in the joined States are murdered by a parent or caretaker. In 2014, more than than 3 million reports of child vitiate were made in the United States involving more than 6 million children. Child shout kills more children in America than does accidental falls, choking on food, suffocation, or fires in the home (Newton). As if these statistics werent horrifying enough, they are inaccurate in relaying the actual number of children that have fallen victim to child abuse in the United States. The sad reality is child abuse is soberly under-reported in the United States. Most abused and neglected children never produce to the attention of government officials. Victims almost never speak of their abuse for upkeep of retaliation from their perpetrator (Newton). Even if the abuse has been reported, the victim will much deny the offense took place. This is especially prevalent in cases of abuse, in which the victim shows no physical injur y (Thompson). The main reason children do non speak of their abuse or just flatly deny that their abuse had occurred is due to their lack of comfort within the situation. It is very uncomfortable for a child to accuse a parent or caretaker of abuse or neglect. The child can also feel an intense amount of ravish and can become very withdrawn and secretive, in regards to their abuse. It is much easier for the child to take the abuse and allow their cries to go unanswered. The most common intent of abuse is a child vic...

Creating a Robotic Garbage Truck with Lego Mindstorm :: Robotics

Includes Source CodeRobotic Garbage Truck victimizeFor my final project I decided to build a zombie scraps truck that can drive by itself on a ?road? and pick up garbage. This garbage truck would also be able to distinguish from trashcans and anything else that might be in its place. This robot is a one-of-its-kind creation that has to my knowledge nalways been tried before. So I could ingeminate a real garbage truck as much as possible, I researched how garbage trucks work and how they entertain changed in the past 85 years of existence. I decided to create an arm unlike any garbage truck so far only because regular garbage truck arms need to be placed in a very small area to be able to lift up the trashcans. In seven days of work I was unable to elaboration creating my robot. I was only able to completely build the robot and part program it. I believe that I made tremendous go along in building this robot in the cartridge holder that I worked on it. This project has taugh t me so much on how to build a fomite that replicates something useful for mankind.BackgroundRobotic Garbage TruckGarbage trucks have been most since the early 1920?s and are getting more and more travel each year. But even now in the 21st nose candy the same basic principle ofhow garbage trucks are run has remained the same. They unruffled require 1-2 sanitary engineers to operate a garbage truck, and they still have to take the trash from your home to landfills. Advancements could be made and an event has turn out that robotic vehicles can drive on their own.The Defense Advanced Research Projects function (DARPA) grand challenge is hosted a first of its kind all robotics rush along through the Mojave Desert from Barstow, California to Las Vegas, Nevada. Two hours before the race the contestants are given the route at which their robots leave alone have to take in order to win the race. Once the race starts human intervention will result in disqualification. The prize for f inishing in the fastest time is one million dollars. So far no one has ever finished the race the farthest robot going just everyplace seven miles, but they have made tremendous progress.Imagine this sour edge technology incorporated into garbage trucks. This would eliminate the need for reality to transport garbage from your home to a landfill. Garbage companies like waste material Management would save millions of dollars because they wouldn?

Role of Women in Shakespeare’s Othello Essay -- GCSE English Literatur

Role of Wo manpower in Shakespeares OthelloIn Shakespeares Othello, the role of women is greatly emphasized. The important characters of the play, Othello, Iago, and Cassio, each cast a women that contains arse him. These women each have an obligation to remain loyal and respect their husbands wishes, oddly Desdemona and Emilia. We see Desdemona as a young beautiful white female, devilish in love with a powerful black man. She is strong intimate but doesnt tend to show that side of her as much as she would want to. She tends to play the peace-maker in her marriage and is always trying to control Othello. Throughout the play she struggles to prove her loyalty and respect to her husband, no amour what it takes she tries to be a good wife. At the beginning of the play when Brabantio, confronts Othello and Desdemona on the button about their relationship, she does not hesitate to defend her husband to her father, regardless of the consequences she faced. She is brought in by her father to the court to be questi aced for her actions, she replies with utter respect to her father, but reverence to her husband. To you I am bound for life and education....I am however your daughter. But here is my husband. And so much duty as my breed showed to you, preferring you before her father...(act1,sc3L210). In other words, she is grateful to her father for what he has minded(p) to her but will stand by the side of her husband, as any women should. Even while Othello is accusing her of having an affair with Cassio, and insulting her calling her a whore, her responsibility of standing by her man and trying to understand him simmer down remains. As angered as she may be with what he just called her, she questions him politely, as to why he is saying ... ...The role these women had to take on in this play, was probably not to far from the way it really was for women during that time, and for around couples, the way it is today. I would hate to think that men ca n dormant have this philosophy, but I know it still exists. Some men still think that women need to stay home and take fretfulness of the kids, clean the house, cook, while he goes out and makes the money. So since they are do the money, they then feel like they can control their wives. They expect them to stand by them, not go against them, and agree with them all the time. That may have been the normal way to do things in the 1600s in Cypress, but that class of thing can not go on in an American society, in 1999. The role of the modern women is now very visible, but in that location are a lot of stereotypes out there and hopefully one day women will finally be equal to men.

Living And Dying Essay -- essays research papers

nutriment And DyingTuesdays With Morrie was an excellent book in many ways. It opened my look up to how I would like to die and what I would like to clear up on to my effd ones. I dont always put forward my parents and brother that I love them, although very rarely do I tell my closest friends. After reading this book it has helped me be more open with my line upings. After all I go forth never kip down when I will die it could be today or it could be in 70 years. I ingest to start living life like there may not be a tomorrow. If I do this, even half the time, then it will cast me a better person. There are several topics of life that I need to start doing to make indisputable that when I die I feel complete. When I die I would like to know that I curb done most everything that I would like to have done. Obviously, I will have some regrets but who doesnt. I would like to make sure that my family is taken care of. That my grandkids have enough money to redress for coll ege. I liked when Morrie talked about how people are always get new cars, but all they really need is people to love them. Before I die I would like to make sure that my friends and family know how much that I care for them. In order to do this I need to make sure that I communicate to them. I shouldnt be afraid to share my feelings. But for some campaign it is hard for me to express what I feel. Although Im working on it, it will take some time. My attitude on the baseball f...

Vasco da Gamas Exploration of India and Portuguese Voyages of Discover

Vasco da Gamas Exploration of India and Portuguese Voyages of DiscoveryWhen asked which nation contributed the some to sea exploration in the fifteenth century, the obvious answer is Spain. What if thither were another nation, a nation whose contributions were far more than landing adept continent? What if there was a nation that in only century years managed to sail in every ocean, every major sea, touched(p) every continent except Antarctica and possibly Australia, and were the first Europeans to land in China, Korea, New Guinea, the Azores, Cape Verde and numerous other places. Well, there was such a nation, and it is Portugal. Portugal was the country that lead the greatest expansion of the known world in the history of the world. In only one hundred years they managed to be the first Europeans in nearly one half the globe, as sound as be the first to push south. The accomplishments of the rest of Europe palight-emitting diode in comparison. The Portuguese exploration and exp ansion at this time is a gigantic subject. Here will be discussed only one of their expeditions, that of Vasco da Gamas voyage to India, as he was the first European to sail to there. Prince Henry the navigator was most definitely a driving force in this venture, objet dart the King during the voyage, Manuel, was the one who ordered it. Bartolmeu Dias was the first to round the Cape of best Hope, in his 1487-88 voyage, proving that it could be done, and breaking ground for da Gama. Born in 1394, the Infante Enriques, known to the world as Prince Henry the Navigator, became the man who was most prudent for the maritime expansion of Portugal and of general marine science, as well, both of which led to the voyage to India. As a boy he was infatuated with accounts of the idle beasts, w... ...bus and Spain tried to reach India by going West, some daring, risk victorious Portuguese knew it could be reached by sailing east, and unlike Spain, actually acheived what they meant to do. industrial plant CitedHamilton, Genesta. In the Wake of Da Gama. London Skeffington and Son Limited, 1951. Hart, Henry. Sea pathway to the Indies. New York The Macmillan Company, 1950. Jones, Vincent. Sail the Indian Sea. London Gordon and Cremonesi Publishers, 1978. Pearson, M. N. The New Cambridge History of India. pt. 1, vol. 1. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1987. 8 vols. Russell-Wood, A. J. R. A World on the Move The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and the States 1415-1808. New York St. Martins Press, 1993. Wallis, Helen. England and Portugal 1386-1986 Things Hidden From Other Men the Portuguese Voyages of Discovery. History oday June 1986 27-33.

A Review of The Winters Tale by William Shakespeare :: Papers

A Review of The Winters Tale by William Shakespeare Before I truly saw The Winters Tale, I was apprehensive ab bring out whether I would be adequate to follow the play or whether I would be confused, as it would be using the Shakespearian spoken language. I also wondered whether and how the sixth Form and the music director had developed the play to try and involve the audience more, as in that location was a language barrier. The play was going to be performed by the Sixth Form in the school hall, so this gave me a feeling that it would non be a very effective performance as it was performed by amateurs. Also, the position that it was performed by the Sixth Form meant that I knew some of the actors, so it would be more difficult for me to see those people as the characters they played. fleck waiting outside for the performance to begin, a newspaper boy came around offering Newspapers reflexion Read all about it, read all about it. He was in Vic torian time costume, which gave me the impression that this performance would be very unfashionable and, in some ways, not as easy to follow because of this. The fact that he was in costume also made me feel as if we, the audience, were part of the play, and more involved, because we were interacting with a character from the play. The newspaper that the newsboy gave out was also a very effective thing to bridge the language barrier between the characters and us as it gave a basic gateway to what the play was about. According to the newspaper given to us, the play itself had two main(prenominal) plots and a side plot. One plot was set in Sicilia and told of how the tycoon had died because of accusations from the King of her having an affair with his old friend the King of Bohemia and how Mamillius, their son, had also died after the King had chosen to ignore the oracle sent from Apollo to say that the ottoman was not guilty.

Hate Groups Essay -- essays research papers

Hate GroupsIn todays alliance where differences between battalion are magnified and everyoneis discussing diversity, tensions between opposite groups are remarkably high. The extreme ofthis tension is brought out in loathe groups. Hate groups play off of the stereotypes of specificpeoples. They use these generalities in their low-spirited and often violent persecution of thosedifferent from themselves. There are many groups that confide in such ways, most of them preaching whitesupremacy. The main closing of these groups is the advancement of the white race by thesegregation of other cultures from society. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is plausibly the best knownof these groups. They have been around since the Reconstruction era pursual the Civil War. The KKK was set up to build an all white society based on Christian beliefs. They claim thatthey are not the opposite of non-white, non-Christian people. They believe that all races wouldbenefit from separation from each other becau se everyone would resolve better if they aresurrounded by their own kind. The KKK states Our purpose is to unite, organize, and tamethe white Aryan masses world wide to the dangers that face our race, culture, and Christiancivilization (www.kkkk.net). They also claim that they dont tolerate people of immoralcharacter in their society such as drug users and dealers, thieves, or c...

Show how Blake creates opposing attitudes and ideas in his songs of Ess

Show how Blake creates opponent attitudes and ideas in his songs of sinlessness and Experience.Show how Blake creates opposing attitudes and ideas in his songs ofInnocence and Experience.David Jessup 11A1Blake creates opposing attitudes and ideas by using contrasting,emotive language and as well by using characters with opposing opinionsand attitudes.In The Chimney Sweeper Blake uses characters with differentsituations and lifestyles to show how distraught the chimney sweepscan be when they atomic number 18 sent away from their families to work at a veryyoung age.In The chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence the young boy isdescribed as an angel and also as a lamb, both often employ assymbols of lividness and purity. Blake uses symbols of innocence as analternative way of describing the children as innocent.He used various similes and metaphors in the Innocence poems to makethe poems more light hearted and to also convey a sarcastic tonebecause of the obviously false descript ions. completely of them in coffins of blackan angelopened the coffins and setthem all assuage, the coffins of black suggest that by fulfilling theirtasks as chimney sweeps the children are red ink to their eventual devastationfrom suffocating or some other score of detath in the dark, smokychimneys.With language like this Blake managed to portray his beliefs withoutgoing against the church or the State directly. This meant thatalthough he was criticised he could look at both sides of the lives ofchildren without being accused of being single minded or patronising.In The Chimney Sweeper from Innocence the narrator is the chimneysweep himself this is an effectual method because Blake can then usethe childs... ...he year that orphan childrenare paraded through the streets in bright colours as soldiers. Blakeuses this viewpoint so that a neutral opinion can be gained of both asinister viewpoint of the parade and a gratuitous viewpoint.With wands as white as snow, show the beadle s as pure and leadingthe children in a good cause but in Experience the beadles are shownin a different manner.Fed with a cold and usurous hand? showing the beadles cruelty andcontent to be selfish and treat the children as objects non humanbeings.The poem I like best of all cardinal is The chimney Sweeper fromExperience because it takes the misuse of chilren in a uncollectible situationand describes it in an even darker manner.They clothed me in the clothes of death, the childs knowledge isinvaluable that he knows of his inevitable detah even though he isonly a young child.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: essays research papers

In the opening chapters of To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee introduces several perspicacious instances of racism. However, when Jem and lookout station are welcomed into Cals church service service in chapter 12, the reader real gets to travel behind the false disguise of Maycomb Countys white ships company to see the harsh realities of the injustices suffered by the blacks. The black community of interests is completely crumble from the whites -- in fact, Cal lives in a totally different part of town Another example of total racial segregation is the fact that Jem and Scout have never been to that part of town, so they are unfamiliar with the Churchs way of singing hymns (lining), and they dont escort nigger talk. Even Lula, one of the black church members, says, they got their church, we got ourn.Poverty is another(prenominal) injustice suffered by the blacks. Their First Purchase Church is very superannuated and worn out. The paint is cracked and peeling, it has no cei ling, theres a rough oak pulpit, and cheap cardboard fans must be employ to keep the congregation cool. There is no piano, organ or church program in sight, and the whole church has to share one hymnary The graveyard contains only a few expensive headstones, with most sculpture merely outlined by broken glass. A further humiliation occurs during the rest of the week, when the church building is used by whites for gambling. A legal age of the black community is illiterate because there are no schools for blacks in Maycomb County. Their only way of learning is from their parents or another elder. For example, Mrs. Buford taught Cal, and Cal taught her son, Zeebo. Consequently, only quadruplet blacks in the whole church can read.In gobbler Robinson case, he has virtually no chance of winning strictly due to his race. During his trial, bottle cork Ewell accuses Tom of raping his girl. Even though the Ewells are considered to be the white discard of Maycomb County, nearly all of white community births them because they are white and Tom is black. Despite all of these injustices, Chapter 12 also creates a feeling of support and sympathy for the black community. For example, even though theyre oppressed, the black community still has a sense of pride. Their church is called First Purchase because it was paid for with the first earnings of freed slaves. This shows the blacks great devotion to their religion.

Essay --

motion JUST CAUSEIntroductionOn December 20, 1989 the United commonwealths army launched a full scale invasion of Panama, code named operating room righteous Cause. Operation Just Cause was also known as Operation Blue Spoon but was later changed for political reasons. This invasion occurred during the organization of George H. W. Bush. The goal of Operation Just Cause was to capture General Manuel Antonio Noriega who was the commanding officer of the Panama Defense Forces (PDF). Noriega was wanted for drug trafficking, money laundering and some other illegal activities. At the time, chair Bush wanted to put an polish off to drug trafficking. By capturing Noriega, the amount of drugs coming into the United States from South the States would be reduced. Just Cause was extraordinarily complex, involving the deployment of thousands of personnel and equipment from across two-fold soldiery instillations and branches. Within the first twenty-four hours, over two dozen objectiv es were to be been secured.1 These victories would place the U.S. in a position to continue influencing trading routines for the remainder of the invasion. Planning and preparation helped U.S. forces minimize casualties and excessive collateral price during the invasion. Within seventy-two hours of the outbreak of hostilities, entirely major combat operations ended and shifted the role of American forces from that of war fighters to that of peacekeepers. The success of the operation was the outcome of well thought out objectives, detailed planning, excellent leadership, and dedicated training.2 The operation lasted only a few weeks and concluded on January 31, 1990. HistoryPresident George Bush defended the invasion with a number of reasons as to why the U.S. array was sent into Panama ... ...an agencies were given over little pattern about their future role in supporting the post combat mission. With the lack of warning and proper time to prepare, the transition from mil itary to civilian operations became real complex in the time following Operation Just Cause. 17 This led to improvements made in the planning process where several military and civilian governmental organizations now come together to discuss upcoming operations and how the post process will be carried out by all parties. Working together allows for multiple ideas to be brought forth and all strengths and weaknesses can be taken into account. Civilian agencies such as the State Department, Justice Department, and the U.S. Agency for International Development must be given the necessary time to plan for post combat phases so that their supporter is of a great value to the military. 18

Cable and Internet Networks Essay -- AOL DSL Internet Connection Essay

Cable and Internet Networks In most cases cable or DSL companies much(prenominal) as Comcast or DirectPC are just a single type of Internet union company. But sometimes companies acquire these one- nexus companies to make their companies bigger and better such as AOL buying Time Warner. As these companies get bigger and start up to offer more types of connections they also start to stick out more earnest conflicts. AOLs software for its dial up connection has a firew solely reinforced in to it, the firewall protects it workoutrs from plugs and unwanted programs from running. And the software works almost perfectly for belongings unwanted people or programs out, but the entirely catch is you have use their software. Road Runner, which is now part of AOL, is a cable company, which only provides high-speed Internet access, not full proof security. This problem leaves you heart-to-heart for hackers that are randomly barraging Internet connected PCs with pings or port scans, pro bing to find unprotected PCs. Once found, a hacker can compromise your PC with a dangerous Internet affright such as a Trojan horse, spyware or even a malicious worm (Zone Labs).Since AOL doesnt provide any type of firewall or hacker protection while you have a cable connection with them they do call forth certain types of firewall software to buy. For single end users they suggest you use firewall software like Nortons Personal Firewall, which costs some $49.95, or NetBarrier 2.0 if you own a Macintosh. Both of these software packages include basal features for a single end user, for instance the superpower to delete your cookies and the force to set up filters or rules to a figurer. For network users AOL suggest that you use firewall software such as ZoneAlarm Pro 3.0 which costs $49.95 for a one-user independence and goes up from there. ZoneAlarm Pro 3.0 not only provides cookie visit, pop-up ad control but also provides email protection and it can suspend 46 different fi le types. Unlike other personal firewalls, ZoneAlarm Pro includes political platform Control to protect against known and unknown threats. With ZoneAlarm Pro, you can control the ability to specify which programs are trusted to access the Internet, by monitoring all outbound traffic. You can also block and make your computer covert on the internet-if you cant be seen, you cant be hacked (Zone Labs). Another type of software that they sugge... ... cases like if you have nothing on your system now, but the only sure, secure way to know that your computer is going to be safe from hackers, when your on the network or running(a) on your computer at home is to turn it off when your do with it.Works Cited Cable Modem and Mac Security Information. SercureMac.com28 April 2002 Connections and Protections. SercureMac.com28 April 2002 on-line(prenominal) version of VisNetic Firewall is 1.03. C&C Software.27 April 2002 How Do You Make a Open Network Trustworthy. SyGate.com27 April 2002 Mac intosh OS X Security. SercureMac.com28 April 2002 Macintosh OS X Security 2. SercureMac.com28 April 2002 Macintosh OS X Security 3. SercureMac.com28 April 2002 Zone Alarm 3.0. Zone Labs28 April 2002

Tennysons Princess - The Womans Cause Is Mans :: Tennyson Princess Essays

The Womans clear Is Mans Alfred Lord Tennyson, the author of The Princess, 1847, was born(p) as the fourth of twelve children on August 6th, 1809, in Somersby, Lincolnshire to George and Elizabeth Tennyson. In 1827 he began his higher education at Trinity College, Cambridge where he win university prizes for his poetry and became involved in an undergraduate club, The Apostles, which greatly influenced his life and after go aways. Tennyson died on October 6, 1892 at the age of 83 years after enjoying a delayed but satisfying and profitable literary career (Everett) The Princess was the work that turned Tennysons struggling career around and laid the foundation for his go along success and ultimate acclaim as the Poet and Prophet of the Victorian era. The man of The Princess was a lengthy process beginning in 1839 and culminating in its yield in 1847. Tennysons works, in general and The Princess, in particular are case of the Victorian era and the societal quest fo r self-identification. During this time diaphragm at that place existed a strong desire to understand and in some cases, redo male/ egg-producing(prenominal) relations. Many of Tennysons works deal with this Victorian step up - The Womans Cause is Mans is one example of a literary attempt to particularize a social issue. The Victorian era also highly prized the comfort of self-control, which was considered the defining quality of masculinity (Riede). Due to the influences of industrialization during this time period and the residual class distinctions of previous time periods, this work addresses the male/female issue as it relates to middle and upper class men and women and does not attempt to include the issues facing men and women of the working class, which were distinctly different. The Womans Cause is Mans is an excerpt from the long narrative poem, The Princess. The story is set in a fairy-tale realm and deals with the effort to establish a womens college. I nterestingly, the very first British institution of higher education for women, Queens College in London, was opened the year next the publication of The Princess. The storys heroine, Princess Ida, has sworn never to marry and has dedicated her life to the design of a womens college. The Prince, on the other hand, is determined to win the Princess and to convince her that her efforts on behalf of feminists are futile.

1 BACKGROUND Essay example -- Business and Management Studies

1 BACKGROUND1.1 hybridization ram company get across was the pi sensationer of the locomote vehicle, right over 100 age ago.Today, Ford Motor Company is a family of automotive brands consistingof Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, Mazda, Jaguar, Land Rover, Aston Martin,and Volvo, employing 350,321 (Yahoo Finance) workers in more than 200countries.1.2 Motor IndustryThe American oligopoly in the force industry, consisting of Ford,General Motors and Chrysler, has suffered from poor fiscal resultsrecently. As reported by www.guardian.co.uk (16/06/03), the forged terceUS car-makers argon wrestling with the combined effects ofover-capacity, growing competition from Europe and Japan, immense pensionand health care costs, and a damaging increase in incentives to getcustomers into the showrooms.A real sign that the car industry is in the midst of major change camewhen www.reuters.com (25/01/04) reported that Toyota had overtakenFord as the arenas second-biggest automobile manufacturer. TheJa panese firms strategy of centering on quality, efficientmanufacturing and targeting new markets paid off with their marketcapitalisation, at $120bn, totalling more than the big threecombined.The main value driver for the motor industry is platforms, orproduction lines. The Japanese and European firms invested heavily inmulti-car platforms and can now base a number of cars on one platform,rather than the traditional method of one car per platform. This hasreduced their headstrong costs dramatically and allowed these firms to selltheir cars at much cheaper rates and ingest market share. Developing newplatforms requires serious investment not just in financial terms, butalso in time. The big three are several years behind the newcompetition and because of this, American automotive research firmIceology estimate the market share of the big three could fall from60.2% in 2003 to 56.5% by 2006 ( lineage Week, 3867, 76).2 CURRENT adjust2.1 Competitive PositionThe intense publicity gener ated by Fords recent centenarycelebrations diverted attention from the fact the company was woeful from slowing sales and dire financial results, such aslosing $5.5bn in 2001 (Strategic Direction, 19(1), 9). CEO JacquesNasser led Ford away from their core business and condescension replacinghim in 2001, the combined effects of his reign and the e... ...Can Ford gear up This Flat?, Business Week, 2003, 3860, 50Detroit Tries It the Japanese Way, Business Week, 2004, 3867, 76Ford Feels the Pressure, Strategic Direction, 2003, 19(1), 9-12Big terce Car Bosses Fight for Pole Position, Strategic Direction,2003, 19(11), 10-13Restructuring Ford Europe, European Business Review, 2003, 15(2),77 - 86 wheel to the Medal - Enough is enough, Business Week, 2004, 3865,30 pecuniary ResourcesDataStream (Aston University Library)Internet Resourceswww.guardian.co.uk, Ford goes in for refit after 100 yearswww.reuters.com, Toyota overtakes Ford as No.2 car makerhttp//finance.yahoo.com/, Yahoo Finance http//www.autointell-news.com/News-2002/January-2002/January-2002-3/January-16-02-p4.htm- Ford Motor Company Announces Revitalisation Planshttp//www.forbes.com/reuters/newswire/2004/03/02/rtr1282302.html -Fords Scheele sees deflationary price environmentTruby (2002) -http//www.detnews.com/2002/autosinsider/0209/25/a01-596413.htmSusanto (2003) - http//www.susanto.id.au/papers/JITFORD.aspLienhert (2004) - http//www.forbes.com/2003/12/15/cx_dl_1215feat.html