English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 60

position - Essay ExampleOne of the topics that I allow be relate in interrogation to the highest degree it is microfinance. It involves providing of banking services to the low-income earners. It is evident that microfinance enables the low-income earners to be self-sufficient by providing a means of insurance, saving money and borrowing. My research on the topic result boost my marketing skills in the bank sector and I will be able to add more value.The other topic that I will be involved in research about is psychology. It entails the scientific study of human mind and its functions. It is apparent that the research on psychology will help to improve my marketing skills and I will be able to portion out different people. Also, I will be able to know the reasons behind the peoples preferences in the business world.For my essay to be factual, I will refer information from the books of Sarkar and Sundaresan about microfinance. I will refer my research on the topic of psychology from McKenna book of business psychology and organizational

Social Diversity -teaching across different learning styles Essay

Social innovation -teaching across different learning styles - Essay ExampleIn addition he further talked most the cognitive, moral and social maturation in minorren. As far as cognitive and socio moral tuition is concerned, Piaget relates three parallels. First, Piaget explained that as the object world is constructed by child, same case occurs with psychological knowledge. So, psychological noesis can be constructed by child as well. According to Piaget, second parallel involves the fact that hit is an in- dissociable element while talking about intellectual growth and growing figure out. So, socio affective ties touch off moral and social suppuration. Third, self regulation solve is excessively described for moral and social breakment as for Intellectual and cognitive process. In the view of Jean Piaget, childs intellectual development and adaption are everlastingly hooked on environment. This occurs in the same way as physical development does happen. While talki ng about development, Piaget also mentions and focuses the significance of peer relations same as Tudge and Rogoff mentioned in Interaction in human development (1989). However, according to Piagets view, peer relations do be a lot as far as childs construction and development process are related. ... So, Piagets development process expressed a gradual movement in children from anomie to heteronomy which further leads to autonomy. This description can further be described as a process when child passes through development process from non regulation by self and others to a process when child starts acquiring directives by others. Finally, a child reaches to a stage of autonomy meaning self regulation process. Moreover, Piaget also mentions two types of moral development in children based on their relations with liberals. The positive regulations lead in the promotion of development optimistically. On the other hand, negative directions or coercion retard the overall development in short and long run as well. So, we can settle that morality is not dependent on personal or individual convictions rather it always depends on environment and people with which a child interacts. Here, it is also important to mention that although child development is based on people reinforcement around but it is also a fact that believes also play a major intention in this regard. This is also known as autonomous morality. This morality reflects the process of self regulation in children. Self constructed moral values give rise to beliefs. Moreover on practical level, we can see beliefs really play a great role as far as development process is related. Children will never like to follow readymade rules given or prescribed by their adults until or unless they develop personal convictions in this regard. So, when we talk about education instruction, cultural diversity, language and learning, we can see that adult child relationships do matter a lot. These relations might be powe r based where adults always

Term paper - micro eco Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

- micro eco - Term Paper ExampleThe damages to be charged for the product are also negotiated in the merchandise. The commercialise grammatical construction is the term used to define the features of a market. This essay would provide a epigrammatic description of the general compositors cases of market structures in the economy. Situation compendium This section of the essay would explain the different types of market structures Perfect Competition This type of market structure is hypothetical in the real world at present. In a perfectly militant market the number of sellers and buyers in the market are infinite in number. Since the number of sellers and buyers are infinite in number, the sellers and buyers are the price takers of the products and the services in the market. Since the sellers cannot set the prices of the products, they try to maximize their business returns through the insurance of revenue maximization. The types of the products sold by these sellers are homo geneous in nature. This is the reason for which the seller in this type of a market structure does not adopt the method of advertisement to sell their products. In the farsighted run, all the sellers in this type of market structure enjoy normal profit ( sum up cost = total revenue). ... Figure 2 Firms Demand in Perfect Competition (Source McEachern 165) Since the product is homogeneous in nature, the price for every unit would be same so the sellers as shown in the above diagram would cause a perfectly elastic demand curve (d). Figure 3 Firms Output Determination (Source McEachern 173) The sellers in this market system would continue produce till the marginal cost curve would be = the intermediate variable cost curve. Thus the organise 1 is the shut down point of the firms. This is a point in which the firm would only incur the fixed cost loss. This the portions of the marginal cost curve that a lie above the modal(a) variable cost curve is the supply curve of the perfect comp etitive sellers. Figure 4 Long Run Equilibrium (Source McEachern 177) As shown in the above graph, in the pine run all the firms would only enjoy normal profit. It would be at e, where the long run average cost curves (LRAC), average total cost curve (ATC), marginal cost curve (MC) and the demand or average revenue curve would intersect. Figure 5 Net Social Welfare Maximization (Source McEachern 184) As shown in the above graph, the net social welfare is maximized in a perfectly competitive market structure, as it generates the maximum amount of consumer surplus. Monopoly Unlike perfect competition, the monopoly market structure is displays complete imperfect competition. In this type of a market structure there is only one seller and many buyers in the market. The single seller has the power to determine the price of the product of the service, thus a monopoly seller is a price maker in the market. The monopoly seller may sell homogeneous or

Role of women in Hebrew scriptures Research Paper

Role of women in Hebrew scriptures - Research Paper ExampleThe scriptures record that Eve the first woman, was created as a associate of Adam (Kassian, 1992, p28). In this regard, God set forth a patriarchal society, since he created woman from man, just not the other way. From the onset, God granted man the authority to rule all creations. The appearance of Abraham, whom the Jews arouse as the father of nations affirmed the authority of men over women, and Kassian (1992, p31) notes that even today, a Jew male is referred as Abrahams son. In the Old Testament God, commanded man to procreate and fill the earth and this placed a lot of pressure on women from the onset (Clarence, 1968, p61). In this respect, the most grand role of women in quaint Israel was getting married and bearing children to ensure posterity of Judaic race. The Old Testament prohibited relationships such as incest and adultery, which ensured that a woman could not be related to a man in more than than one w ay. However, a man was allowed to marry a sister to his wife even in cases where the wife was alive. Before any marriage ceremony, the straightens family was required to pay a specified sum total of dowry to the brides family. ... These punishments are well elaborated in the Halakhah, a collection of rules and regulations that governed the conduct of the Jewish community (Richard, 1988, p 43). Clarence (1968, p37) notes that due to the great importance attached to marriage, there were three main requirements that were inevitable to validate a marriage between man and woman in ancient Israel . They included earnings of bride wrong, acceptance by the bride to get married and the union had to be consummated through cozy intercourse. From these rituals, it is bare that the primary role of a woman in the society was getting married and to satisfy sexual needs of their men. Girls got married at very young ages that put their ability to make sound shrewdness about marriage in ques tion. Social and religious critics have questioned the symbolic significance of paying bride price for a woman before marriage in the ancient Israel society. Kassian (1992, pp45-49) argues that the dowry payment portrayed women as a property, with a price tag that was owned by man. However, Clarence (1968, p43) notes that payment of the bride price was important because it indicated the groom had good intentions of marrying and that he was capable of taking care of his wife. These findings comply with polygyny practice in Israel that allowed men with passable resources to marry more than one wife in the ancient society (Richard, 1988, p49). Bearing children was another important role of women in the ancient Jewish society. According to Richard (1988, p53), women were only supposed to have sex for nurture and to validate their marriages. According to Clarence (1968, p73) barrenness

Pick topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pick topic - Essay ExampleI should rely more on fruits and yoghurt for dessert rather than sugar enriched dishes. In the same manner, there should be more vegetables, legumes and fruits include in my dinner plan to increase by the nutrition on my diet.A human form whether male or female function on protein, carbohydrate and lipids along with vitamins and minerals achieved from intellectual nourishment. Generally, protein is needed for muscles and organs of body. Nutrients ar substances needed for growth, metabolism, and for other body functions. With insufficient supply of these macro nutrient the body gets malfunctioned which result in diseases. I believe my fiber intake is less that recommendation and I should include more tubers, vegetables and fruits in my diet. Apart from this, legumes and pulses can add the fiber and nutritional supply in my dietWhen it is the issue of food my strength is that I like to see variety in my food menu. I like to blend in and match food items wh ich is really a positive thing. Because I like various food sources and colours in my diet, I can access to multiple nutritious food. I am not dull with my food menu and like to change food every time throughout the week. Also I like to eat fruits along with all my meals as my appetite increases when I see colorful fruits on my table. It is a fact that I have concoction tooth and indulging in healthy desserts add to my repletion value and usually my dessert .I also have the strength of liking vegetables in my diet as their color and peculiar taste add to my palate.My Weakness My weakness is that I consistently want sweet dishes in my menu throughout the day. Also I adore food that is fatty and oily. I am a person who loves meat products and replacing it with fish make me think twice. The other weakness is that I dont like dairy product much and that is the reason you see less of draw and chesses in my daily consumption.Suggestion to patient Eat more of green leafy vegetables and

Nursing Theory Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Theory - bind ExampleMoreover, the key purposes breast feeding theories emphasized overproviding specific guideline for establishment of nurse knowledge and practice. Moreover, nurse theories dish out as a tool for determining the roles and responsibilities that are associated with specific job role, such as intensive care by nurses and win outline the reasons behind performing such roles.Nursing theories serve several purposes and are attributed to a number of characteristics that makes it necessary to ensure that people engaged in nursing and healthcare profession are able to understand such theories and implemented for providing superior care to the patients. An cause of the nursing theories is important since they are associated with providing specific path for developing the nursing practice and knowledge and further assist in fostering of successive knowledge regarding various dimensions underlying in the nursing practices. Additionally, the point necessity behin d understanding of nursing theories is that they help in developing successive understanding variables associated with health, valet beings and environment (Crossan & Robb, 1998).In self-practice while performing the job role of an intensive care nurse, knowledge regarding nursing theories is regarded to be highly essential and provides a definite path to perform the nursing tasks. Moreover, substantial take of knowledge regarding nursing theories enables healthcare executives to gain deeper understanding of the job responsibilities and further helps in taking rough-and-ready decision-making while practicing. Moreover, in actual scenario, nursing practices is associated with development of substantial understanding of the factors related to nursing, such as performing job roles effectively, and ensuring patient care amongst others, which are determined with the help of knowledge established done nursing theories (Sousa & Hayman, 2002).The online journal of Nursing Theory Develop ment published

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Business Ethics - see ExampleThe plot revolves around the business interrelation that exists between China, Iran and the United States of America. It begins with a missile that vanishes in Iran. This creates tension among security forces in the US and the CIA is the most affected. Funny enough this does not worry them as they have something else bigger to worry about. In relation to this, the new owner of the Emirates oil company gives a deal to China and cuts out a company from the US that reacts by firing all its workers who be not of the native origin and goes further to combine with an undersized bulletproof which has just landed on an oil contract in Kazakhstani. The US unit of justice notices bribery in the oil firms law unit finds its way out by identifying a scapegoat. Bribery is against business moral philosophy and it brings a bad picture of the company. The CIA needs to find a scapegoat as well subsequently the mission of eliminating Emir-apparent backfires. This can be described as unethical skills of doing business because it is engaging in guilty activities so as to gain certain interest. Bob Barnes a CIA agent looks into the whole saga which is considered to be a double cross. An economist from America sacrifices his son to come into contract with sheik which entailed advising him that the CIA wants him dead. The movie features current events in the business world such as oil trade. The world depends on oil and people would do anything to ensure that they have this commodity even if it means breaking business ethical rules.

PESTLE Analysis Google Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PESTLE Analysis Google - Lab Report good exampleThe brass instrument is full of young life and has been serving thousands of customers and drug user since its incorporation (Google, 2013a). The primary source of receipts is the online advertisements. As on 2011, the core areas on which the barter focused was enterprise, operating system and platform, advertising and hunt. The business used its AdWords programs to promote their services and products with targeted advertising. Apart from this, the third party that included Google Network used its AdSense that delivered applicable advertisements and generated revenue (The New York Times, 2013). The study focuses on Google Inc., understands the methods followed by the company, conducts a PESTLE analysis and decides on the afterlife performance of the organization. The Methods Google is known for its search engine. Larry Page describes a perfect search engine is one which but understands what the user wants and gives him back exac tly that particular thing. Google has not kept itself restricted to search engine lonesome(prenominal) but has started offering products beyond that. They have shown whole lot of technological advancement staring from search to Gmail and Chrome. The goal of the organization remains the same to assist their users easily access the things they require. Thus, the company follows a quicker and smarter approach while developing its product (Google, 2013b). The huge success of the organization is based on the go under of methods and beliefs that the company follows. Since the beginning of the organization they focus on providing the best experience to the users. Whatever new introduction they do, they always look towards the expectation of the users and try to fit into their requirements. At the same time when they are purpose some new applications or tools they make them work so well that the user do not have to bother about the changes or think about how differently they have been de signed. Google has a expectant pool of researchers who are extensively engaged in solving the search problems. The company is well cognisant of what it does and also knows how to make it better. The company continues to make several attempts in order to solve difficult problems and has puzzle out many complex issues. This leads to the improvement of the services that they provide and make the experience and search of the user better. The organization is fully dedicated towards developing innovative products (Google, 2013c). Google believes that time is valuable and this makes the company design their product in such ways that it pay backs minimum time for the customers to find what they are searching. This is the only company who aims towards making the user leave their website as soon as possible after accomplishing their objectives. This same belief is kept in mind every time the company launches their product whether it is a runny phone application or a new browser. They und erstand the demand of the present moment and increasing use of mobile. Today tribe are seen to use mobile phones for accessing information, which has driven the company to implement new technologies and offer new products and solutions for mobile services that may help the users, present at various corners of the globe to accomplish their task. Google generates their revenue by offering search technologies to various companies and displaying advertisements on their own website and on other sites across the web. Several advertisers take advantage of AdWords to

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Ethics - strain ExampleIn a business environment, the trey factors must be combined to accomplish shapings goals by a set of relationships surrounded by organizations management, sh arholders, and other stakeholders. Structures in merged governance are provided through which the objectives of the company are set and it acts as the means of monitoring exploit and achieving objectives. Equally, an organizational structure seeks to determine how the roles, responsibilities and power are assigned, coordinated and controlled and how info will flow between different managerial levels. In a decentralized structure, the end making power is evenly distributed and divisions and departments may have different degrees of flexibility and independence In a centralized structure most of the decision making flows from the top and it may have tight control over divisions and departments. ... Owing to innovations in information and communication technology the world has become increasingly virtual(prenominal). This is a concept of people with complementary skills who are equally committed to a common purpose goal where they hold themselves mutually acceptable. The first study key to this is that the finance manager will be able to work across boundaries of time and post by making use of computer driven technology. Secondly, it enables the finance manager to interact with sub teams through interdependent tasks guided by common purpose and work across links lead by transport, information and communication. Thirdly, there is quick response to changing business environments making it easier for the manager to unite experts in specialized fields working far from each other digitally. It also provides greater degree of exemption to managers involved with development projects and it saves time and money. Although this virtuosity is effective, it is different from co-relation reasons being that a manager must build leave differently because it is measured exclusively in re liability terms. Likewise, co-located teams benefit from facilitation of the manager while in virtual teams a manager must provide clear direction. Finally, decisions must be arrived at differently to negate cultural bias (Kelley, 2001). Discussion 3 Barriers to Change as Depicted By Gayla Holges Organizational barriers are restrictions that rise on the eve of renewing an organization direction, capabilities and structure in a bid to deal the ever changing needs of both external and internal customers. According to Gayla Holges there are three major barriers to

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Report - Essay Exampleelectronic Retail Company, Strategy is the direction and scope of the firm oer the long term preferably over five years which achieves advantage in changing environment through its configuration of resources and competencies with the aim of honest filing stakeholder expectations (Kaplan & Norton, 2001, pg.7). This explains why the past 5 years of ERB Ltd as been put under critical intervention and analysis (Crosetto,2005,pg.38).The Strategic position of ERB Ltd. considers the influence on strategy on the external environment, the organisations goals, culture and strategic capability, which will include the resources and competences of the organisation (Abrams, 2003, pg.121). This is significant towards its continued competitive strategies in this energizing business society influenced by globalization.The ERB Ltd. strategic position is concerned with the impact on strategy of the macro environment, internal resources and competences, expectations and influenc e of stakeholders (Abrams, 2003, pg.258). The Macro environment factors and competencies of ERB Ltd. atomic number 18 studied using Pestle, Swot, Porters 5 Forces, Strategic Capabilities Analysis and Stakeholder mapping.Our company follows make up leaders strategy. The reason of our choice is that we achieve to be supplied with products from manufacturers at lower cost. In addition, we do our best to offer the products to customers at the lowest possible price (Schermerhorn, 2010, pg.223). Since we are focussed on selling quality products and offering outstanding customer service to our clients, marginal cost pricing technique is paramount in respect to our continued profit margin. As accost leadership strategy believer, the company observes the pricing behaviour of other firms and set prices slightly below the market average out thereby attracting more customers and realizing greater sales (Hill & Jones, 2010, pg.157). ERB Ltd reconciles the idea of affordability of their produc ts with their relatively cheaper

Unit 7 Case Manegment Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 7 Case Manegment Discussion - Research Paper faceThe environment whitethorn not be supportive of that since he may find himself drop deadting screening to drugs again. He is therefore requesting case management to assist his friends who are still in the streets to get clear up drugs.He is asking his parents not worry about him anymore since he is now drug-free. He may not be sober but he can be able to take safeguard of himself and he wishes his parents could understand that. He also wants mint to change their attitude towards him. Most people bring forward he cant take care of himself because he is been a drug addict in the lead .They also think he cant take care of his dog. But the fact is, he is very responsible and takes good care of his dog, takes it for a walk in the park and ensures it has a caboodle of food. He also travels with him everywhere he goes.My client is in the maintenance and relapse pr grammatical caseion gunpoint. This is the stage where a patient is trying to incorporate new behavior and avoiding any slips. My client having been a drug addict, he has changed his drug-life behavior and trying to start a new life. He is also doing his best in avoiding any slips despite the neighborhood being full of drugs and addicts.To help the client in the stage to belong forward, I allow for recommend that he relocates to a drug-free neighborhood to avoid any event of falling back to drugs again. I also recommend that he be re-united with his family and let them and other people accept him and support him by seeing him as a transformed and responsible individual. He will also need constant counseling to help him through the whole process.One guiding dominion of the Recovery Model that relates the interaction with the client is that Community involvement as defined by the user of service is central to the recovery process. This is directly related to my client since its the community group that helped him to get to where he is. Were it not of this community that is still donating household foodstuff,

Compose Methodology Section Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Compose methodological analysis Section - Assignment ExampleGiven that the research depart be conducted on a familiar problem, the population is expected to be wider. So, it is incumbent upon the researcher to use Pulaski County School District as a case study. It is here in which studies will be conducted to find out more well-nigh this problem. humankind education is a wide sector that involves a plenty of players-government, educationists, school administrators, teachers, pupils, parents, guardians and the general public. Each of these in concerned about the management and quality of service delivery in these schools. In this regard, for the researcher to pick up adequate data to be relied upon during the studies, a proper choice of participants to be engaged in a research needs to be made.In order to conduct the research, the instrument of choice will be interview. As the main instrument of the research, the researcher will design a set of closed and open-ended questions to ask the selected participants. It will give the researcher an opportunity to ask all sorts of questions that need to be answered about the research topic. Interview is the most preferred data collection instrument because it has a potential of enabling the researcher to directly involve the participants in the research process (Boyatzis, 1998). The use of interview schedules commode be an appropriate choice for this kind of research. First, it would provide a face-to-face platform in which the researcher will gather first-hand information from the respondents. Besides, the researcher can get a chance to seek for clarifications and answers to all the questions that can address the research problem.However, to effectively conduct an interview, the researcher will need to make a lot of ethical considerations. A proper plan should be put in place to seek the try for of these participants and give them enough time to participate in the interviews. Since participation in the interview will be voluntary, no one should be forced to do so. At the same time,

Homosexuality in ancient cultures Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Homosexuality in ancient cultures - Case Study ExampleDuels and accounts of epic gladiatorial contests craft a large proportion of the modern day perception of this epoch. The exercise of these macho tendencies seems today at odds with Homosexual execute, and it is indeed intriguing to question the prevalence and attitudes toward Homosexuality in express societies.Before continuing, it should be noted that it is simply impossible to assess, with respect to the question, each culture simultaneously differences amongst S goan, Roman and Greek societies would not allow for a detailed, thorough study if categorised together. Instead this canvas will attempt to deal with each separately, before bringing its findings together in a openhanded conclusion. While it may appear a simplistic approach to adopt it is, quite simply, the best sort in which to approach the question.Spartan society was in many ways driven by forces ambition. Textbooks refer to the Spartans in such terms as an armed camp, brutal, culturally dead(a), economically stagnant, politically stagnant1. From the age of six, Spartan boys were taken from their mothers to train to be a soldier. It was common throughout this transitory menstruation for the youths to engage in homosexual relations with older men, in fact it was regarded as an important part of their education. Indeed, the Spartan military actively pursued the placing of Homosexual lovers together in combat while in Thebes, the general Epaminondas commanded a regiment composed of 150 pairs of lovers. This Band of Lovers became a formidable fighting force, with lover support lover until death.1 Whitby, 63. Few members of Spartan society frowned upon this practice. Conversely, once the youth reached full adulthood opinions toward this practice shifted greatly. This was mainly because it placed one of the participants in a position of submission which Spartans regarded as being all in all unacceptable for a man holding full citizenship. The best ancient source on Sparta, Xenophon, refutes the already suggestion about widespread pederasty. 2 There is no Spartan/Laconian art that depicts explicitly homosexual motifs-as there is from Athens. The notion that Spartan men tended to bond relatively young, by Greek standards anyway, insinuates that they simply had much less(prenominal) time for the pederasty that characterized the coming to manhood in the rest of Greece. The state considered men who did not wed a public disgrace, and a citizen who did not marry and procreate was not afforded the luxuries that a Father would be. Sparta was know for the extent to which women were so well integrated into society this goes against the very essence of a homosexually prevalent society. base on the evidence, it is clear that Homosexuality-in the form of pederasty-- was at the very least, tolerated by the Spartans. Rather than full Homosexual personal matters between grown men, much more common were grooming relationships betw een Adults and adolescents, seen as an intrinsic tantrum of military training and development. Such as the ancient world is, many accounts become skewed or simply lost in translation, and thus the account of Xenophon should not be regarded as providing a definite answer. Pederasty or the practice thereof, was undoubtedly a facet of Spartan life. The Historical accounts of Epaminondas at Thebes support this,

Fashion Retail Management - Personal Statement Essay

Fashion Retail Management - individual(prenominal) Statement - Essay ExampleThe paper Fashion Retail Management - Personal Statement is bearing retail management personal statement. In my teens, I would design my own cloths and oversee the tailoring. Soon after, I realized that I was becoming an advisor to my friends and colleagues on matters of excogitate. This led to my designing and selling of gowns and participation in the management of a few local fashion shows and events where some of my pieces were displayed. My first job was with Zara, a lead fashion retail outlet.Working in the sales department, I learnt how to interact with customers andhow to position and place stocks. Moreover, I learnt nearly the management of supply chain. My second job was as an intern at Azadea, a leading fashion retail company operating throughout the Middle East and Africa. I worked in the fashion department, mentored by the Brand Manager. During my internship, there were plans on extending Gymb oree into an online virtual store. I attended meetings where I used my knowledge on online shopping to participate in decision-making. I also assisted the senior brand manager with the monthly reports and strategic decisions. We also attended meetings for new locations and potential brands possible to acquire under AZADEA, investigating competitors and transaction areas. Currently I am interning for a team that previously worked with the luxury designer Zuhair Murad. This experience has allowed me to reach multi-channel retail knowledge, supervisory skills and to work effectively .

EXAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EXAM - Essay ExampleHence, when one is faced with a situation that one cannot apologize, tension rises. This tension leads to pain. The pain arises from the views of westerly psychology that everything must be accounted for at bottom this livelihoodtime.Buddhism argues that all the problems we experience are due to ignorance, which can be overcome by practicing Dharma. Quality of life depends on inner development of peace and happiness. Unlike horse opera Psychology that relates ones problems with outdoor(a) factors that condition behavior, Buddhism argues that to avoid pain, we must first achieve peace in our minds. Guided by ghostly values, one is able to achieve inner peace. Western Psychology on the other hand does not recognize spiritualism or spiritual values as ways of avoiding pain. Western Psychology seeks to exercising facts that can be hypothetically tested to arrive at generalizations. Since spiritualism cannot be scientifically tested, Western Psychology does not recognize it in explaining the sources of ones pain.Buddhism assumes that imprints are carried over from past life. Western psychology on the other hand assumes that everything must be accounted for within this lifetime. Western psychology links what it cannot explain to the unconscious. Although Buddhism can embrace many assumptions of Western psychology, it would use conditioning and imprints from previous life to explain why one experiences pain. Buddhism teaches how to examine the mind and explains the causes of pain and misery and the causes of happiness. It teaches how to cultivate a mind of legality that leads to enlightment.Buddhism argues that transforming the mind to view measly as natural and helpful helps to maintain balance in the body. It argues that suffering should be viewed as part of a greater path which makes the mind pure and reaches a suppose where one conquers suffering. Thinking of suffering as an unnatural occurrence leads to

Method of Data Analysis Essay Example for Free

Method of entropy Analysis EssayThe researcher made use of SPSS version 15. 0 to be able to picture for the statistics required. For the degree of immensity and actual performance of Body Shop, the descriptive statistics of means, standard deviations, and frequency distributions were generated. The Pearson crossing s correlational statistics coeffiecients were likewise computed the bigger is the magnitude of the r-value, the stronger is the wholeiance between two variables. The sign denotes the direction of the relationship that is, whether they are directly or inversely proportional (Salkind 2000). 3. 1 Conclusion.The present study purposively selected 150 respondents for its call in interviews. Secondary data were the basis for the literature review and the design of the questionnaire. The latter was both face and case validated. 5 respondents were used to pilot test the instrument to ensure clarity of questions. SPSS 15. 0 was used for the statistical computations . ? Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 4. 1 Introduction This chapter presents the statistical results gathered from the survey questionnaires, and a substantive countersign of these results, culling from the literature in Chapter 2.4. 2 Results circumvent 2. Gender Frequency and Percentage Breakdown. The table shows that all of the respondents were female, report for 100% of the sample. Table 3. Age Frequency and Percentage Breakdown. When asked about their age, majority of the respondets (42. 7%) answered that they were between 21-25 years old. This is followed by the 26-30 years old category (36. 0%) 31-35 years old at 10. 7% wherefore by 20 years old and 35-40 years old both at 5. 3% Table 4. Have You Purchased a Body Shop Product in the Past 12 Months?All of the respondents likewise expressed that they have purchased at least one Body Shop point of intersection over the outgoing 12 months. Table 5. Means and banner Deviations Importance of Factors which Affect Cosmetic Pr oduct Choice. When asked to rate the importance of the factors that affect their choice of cosmetic outputs, the items were rated as follows, in descending order the degree to which the growth is environment-friendly (X= 4. 52, sd=. 59) the client service of the store personnel (X=4. 32, sd=. 65) the sales promotions used for the point of intersection (X=4. 31, sd=.65) the values espoused by the company who sells the merchandise (X=4. 16, sd=. 67)Having a globally famous brand name (X= 4. 16, sd=. 59) trendiness or fashion sense represented by the harvest-feast (X= 4. 11, sd=. 64) recommendations or positive feedback I garner from my friends, family and acquaintances (X=4. 05, sd=. 68) competitive price of the crossroad (X= 4. 05, sd=. 61) the degree to which the mathematical product espouses natural rather than artificial (X=4. 00, sd=. 66) quality of the products (X=3. 88, sd=. 71) the convenience of going to the store location (X=3. 84, sd=.59) the variety of product offe rings in the store (X= 3. 59, sd=. 59)Attractiveness of the packaging (X=3. 21, sd=. 52) training on the products label (X=3. 17, sd=. 80) and media advertisements of the product (X=2. 73, sd=. 86). Table 6. Means and Standard Deviations Actual Performance of Factors which Affect Cosmetic Product Choice. On the otherwise hand, when the respondents were asked to rate the actual performance of Body Shop through the same factors, the pursuit are the results in descending order the degree to which the product is environment-friendly (X=4.57, sd=. 49)The customer service of the store personnel (X=4. 48, sd=. 60) the degree to which the product espouses natural rather than artificial (X=4. 37, sd=. 58) the values espoused by the company who sells the product (X=4. 37, sd=. 67) having a globally renowned brand name (X=4. 20, sd=. 69) quality of the products (X=4. 14, sd=. 74) recommendations or positive feedback I garner from my friends, family and acquaintances (X=4. 11, sd=. 78) the s ales promotions used for the product (X=4. 05, sd=. 75) the convenience of going to the store location (X=3. 94, sd=.60)Trendiness or fashion sense represented by the product (X=3. 90, sd=. 72) the variety of product offerings in the store (X=3. 79, sd=. 52) competitive price of the product (X=3. 63, sd=. 70) attractiveness of the packaging (X=3. 58, sd=. 49) information on the products label (X=3. 36, sd=. 66) and media advertisements of the product (X=2. 73, sd=. 85). Table 7. 1 Paired Means and Standard Deviations of Factors. Table 7. 2. T-test Results of Pairwise Comparisons of Importance and Actual Performance. The following pairwise comparisons are significant at the .01 level Quality of the products (t=-5. 92, p=. 00), the customer service of the store personnel (t=-3. 85, p=. 00) the variety of product offerings in the store (t=-6. 23, p=. 00) the convenience of going to the store location (t=-4. 07, p=. 00) attractiveness of the packaging (t=-7. 69, p=. 00) the degree to wh ich the product espouses natural rather than artificial (t=-6. 12, p=. 00) the values espoused by the company who sells the product (X=4. 37, sd=. 00). In all these items, Body Shop has exceeded the degree of importance attached by the respondent on the factor.In contrast, the following factors are those in which Body Shop did not quite meet client expectations found on the degree of importance they have assigned to each competitive price of the product (t=8. 66, p=. 00) trendiness or fashion sense represented by the product (t=3. 73, p=. 00) and the sales promotions used for the product (t=3. 98, p=. 00). There are no significant differences on the following items brand (t=-. 816, p=. 416) the degree to which the product is environment friendly (1. 465, p=. 145) and positive feedback garnered from significant others (t=-1.070, p=. 287).These suggest that Body Shop has met expectations of the respondents based on the degree of importance they have attached to each factor. Table 8. Correlations among Patronage of Environmental hospitable Products, Social Responsibility of a Company, Patronage of Products and Companies that Care for the Environment, and Overall Satisfaction on Body Shop. The correlation results show that patronage of Body Shop products because of their existence environment friendly is importantly correlated with their being a socially responsible company (r=. 397, p=.00).This means that patronage of Body Shop products increases as well with positive perceptions of their company as being socially responsible. Moreover, such patronage is also positively and significantly correlated with their expressed support for companies that espouse care for the environment (r=. 533, p=. 00). None of the statements were significantly related to overall satisfaction of Body Shop products, which suggests that there are other determinants of satisfaction obscure from espousing environment friendliness and corporate social responsibility.

How to Correct Bow Legs Essay Example for Free

How to Correct Bow Legs EssayVirasana Variation Virasana, or hero pose, is effective in treating flat feet and knock knees. This variation will foster those with knock knees. Start by standing on your knees, then sitting down on your heels. Place a yoga block between the heels and sit on it. Make sure the knees are pointing straight forward and not touching each other. Hold for 20 to 60 seconds. break off Between the Thighs While standing, location a yoga block between the thighs as contiguous to the pelvis as possible. Bring the feet as close together as possible and relax the familiar thighs. Hold the pose for up to three minutes. This pose positions the legs in the opposite position of knock knees, bow-legged, which makes it alterative in correcting the original condition. Warrior 2 Pose Against a WallWarrior 2 pose can help strengthen the knees if performed with proper alignment. Perform this pose against a wall or with the guidance of an experienced instructor to ensu re proper alignment. In a standing position, bring the legs 4 feet apart and stretch the fortification out to the side. Turn the even out toes to the right and deeply bend the right knee. Activate the arches and keep the right knee touching the wall. Hold for 30 seconds and repeat on the other side. Downward-Facing Dog Pose with BlockTo perform this variation of downward facing dog pose, you will need a yoga block. While standing, place the block between the thighs and position the feet hip-width distance apart. Lower the hands to the ground and form the body into a V-shape. Hold for 30 to 60 seconds.

Truth and the characters in this act Essay Example for Free

Truth and the typefaces in this act EssayArthur Miller wrote this represent in accordance and reference to the persecution placed upon him and many others by the committee of un-American activities. He was persecuted for his representation of life of hypothesiseing, and this inspired him to write the book The Crucible to make volume realise that history is repeating. In his mind, the way he and the other communists were set b bed a with child(p) likeness to that of the witches of Salem and the way the Jews were treated during the holocaust. This, I think, is why the book and then the institute had such a large effect on the country and the way the un-American activities committee treated the so c wholeed Comunists.In the sixteen hundreds Salem was control by a theocracy so their ideas of truth and arbiter would provoke varied from ours. The puritans ideology was that if the bible says its so, its so. roughly of us are now aware that most of the bible is not to be t aken liter completelyy, entirely symbolically. With relevance to the witch-hunt the puritans believed that no one would lie about something of such importance as witchcraft, after all god damns all liars and what puritan in their right mind would wish damnation upon themselves. Of course we retire that the girls had no fear about lying to ensure they get their own way.So if anyone was accused they had to be guilty, and the only way they could save their lives would be to protest to witchery. If they did not confess they would be hung or killed by other means. This to me is a queer justice, as I should hope it is to you or any other fellow worker human. This however was not the case and many people died, these people can thank a mad ideology for their death. In my mind the way and personality of the people of Salem did nothing to help the matter, in particular John Procter and Abigail Williams. Again the matter truth and honesty arises.John and Abigail, having had an affair wer e both(prenominal) adulterers, if they were to confess this their name would be blackened. However if the truth was to arise John and Elizabeths names would be cleared of the horror of witchery and Abigails true motives would have been made clear. So if John and Elizabeth had been entirely truthful with the court they both would have survived. On the other hand if Abigail and the other girls had been truthful from the outset, the only punishment that would have been administered was a public flogging.But we must not overlook the fact that regardless of the previous lies one more than lie would have saved them all. If they had confessed to the crime they would have been free. It seems that the epiphany of honesty struck at the wrong time. As the maid to the Proctors, an official of the court and one of the accusing girls, Mary Warren had the power to stop all this scattyness. In act III Mary, with a little encouragement from Procter, does confess and tells the proves that it is all a false notwithstanding she soon withdraws that claim when she herself is accused.There is a great change in Marys timber from acts I and II through III and IV. I think this is probably due to her supreme maturity to the other girls, she realises exactly how foolish she had been and what problems her lies were causing. Proctors behaviour affected the people of Salem in a great many ways. Primarily he was considered somewhat of a heretic due to the fact that he precise rarely attended Holy Communion. He put this down to his dislike of Paris and his preaching of all-fired hellfire and damnation I dont know how many believed this excuse.Secondly Proctor was not afraid to set up up to the court and tell them how ludicrous they were being about the witch-hunt and trials. He was also the first to bind false confession. In general I believe he was a big influence on the people of Salem. If proctor had confessed to his adultery earlier as his wife Elizabeth beckoned him to, thin gs would have been very different, he would have been a sinner but he would be free. In my eyes there is no justice in Salem. I put this down to mostly one person and that persons judgement and ideology, Head judge Danforth. This is the main interrogator throughout the whole trial.He does his job very well, too well. He has a talent at getting somebody to say something and then he twists this into a confession or accusation. He is very manipulative. Towards the end of the book it starts to show how hell bent he is on cleanup spot people. The other judges notice this and when they attempt to prove him wrong or attempt to show him how foolish he is being, he interrupts them. He believes everything Abby says simply because he wants to kill people. He is obsessed with the pain, death and friendly rejection of others. Of course he is going to snap up every inkling of a hint of witchcraft. peradventure he is mentally retarded or just I psycho. Another very manipulative character is Abig ail. She is very successful, perchance even more so than Danforth, at changing the way people think and even getting them to see things that arent there or Hallucinate. There are many examples of this. A full example of her mind-manipulation skills is in act III when Mary confesses the false of the accusations. She manages to get the other girls to think that the gall is present and that Mary is bewitching them. This convinces the Judges and Mary is accused of witchcraft and the confession falls through.Abigails methods are very cleaver she is a very good actor. She knows many sure ways of getting people to believe her. When she is trying to make out that Mary Warren is bewitching her, she knows exactly how to convince the judges. She is competent to convince herself things are actually happening when they are not. This is why the look in her eyes, her screaming and her cowering and so forth are so convincing, because she believes that the devil is there. In the final moments of the last scene the whole truth is revealed and the audience are manipulated to fell sorry for the Proctors and hate Abigail.And ultimately loose faith in goodness and perhaps even God. The scene is one of great emotion. Another very dramatic scene in the play is when Mary rabbit warren confronts the court to confess that the whole thing had been a lie. Not only does the guileless idea of the court finding out that they had convicted so many innocent people make it dramatic. In a desperate attempt to save themselves Abigail and the other girls claim that they can see Mary warren with the devil beside her. They start screaming and fainting and pretending to be cold, of course this is all a false but it makes the scene very dramatic.

Data Warehouse Case Study Essay Example for Free

info Wargonho physical exertion Case Study EssayHistory of the CDR When the project began in 199596, the CDR, initiall(a)y referred to as the clinical research selective educationbase, was intended to support and enhance clinical research at the University of Virginia by providing clinicians, students, and researchers with direct, rapid accession to retrospective clinical and administrative enduring selective entropy. Re? ecting this intent, the system was funded by the School of Medicine and housed in the pedantic Computing Health Sciences conclave, which is distinct from the medical centers IT group. With considerable assistance and cooperation from selective information owners and stewards, legacy entropy from several different sources were loaded into a single relational entropybase and periodically updated. authorise drug users accessed the CDR through a standard Web browser and viewed or downloaded info to their personal computers for further synopsis.Initia lly, fury was placed on getting the CDR running as quickly as possible and with a stripped-down of imaginations consequently, extensive transformation of selective information to an enterprise data model was not performed. The CDR project team consists of 2. 53. 0 FTEs (full-time equivalents) one developer, one developer-database administrator, and portions of analyst, clinician, and administrative FTEs. To date, the costs of developing and operational the CDR have been approximately $200,000 per year, underwritten by the School of Medicine.Over the course of the project, there have been signi? cant enhancements to the user interface, incorporation of growthal data sources, and the festering of an integrated data model. There has also been increasing interest in employ the CDR to operate a broader audience than researchers and to support management and administrative spotsto find out the challenge of providing a way for anyone with a destiny to knowat every level of the or ganizationaccess to accurate and timely data necessary to support effective decision making, clinical research, and mold improvement.In the area of education, the CDR has become a core teaching resource for the discussion section of Health Evaluation Sciences masters program and for the School of Nursing. Students use the CDR to understand and master informatics issues such as data capture, vocabularies, and coding, as well as to perform Case Study A Data Warehouse for an Academic medical exam Center 167 exploratory analyses of healthcare questions. Starting in Spring 2001, the CDR will also be introduced into the universitys undergraduate medical curriculum. System Description Following is a brief overview of the CDR application as it exists at the University of Virginia.System Architecture. The CDR is a relational data warehouse that resides on a Dell PowerEdge 1300 (Dual Intel 400MHz processors, 512MB RAM) running the Linux operating system and Sybase 11. 9. 1 relational datab ase management system. For storage, the system uses a Dell Powervault 201S 236GB RAID Disk Array. As of October 2000, the database contained 23GB of information about 5. 4 million patient visits (16GB visit data, 7GB laboratory results). Data loading into Sybase is achieved using custom Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl) programs. CDR Contents. The CDR currently draws data from four independent systems (see board 1).In addition, a number of derived values (for example, number of days to next inpatient visit, number of valuate a diagnostic code is used in various mountains) are computed to provide summary information for selected data elements. Data from each of these source systems are integrated into the CDRs data model. In addition to the current contents listed in Table 1, users and the CDR project team have identi? ed additional data elements that might be incorporated Table 1. Contents of the CDR Type of Data Inpatient, outpatient visits Source of Data dual-la ne Medical Systems DescriptionPatient registration and demographic data, diagnoses, procedures, unit and census information, billing transactions, including medications, costs, charges, reimbursement, insurance information Physician billing transactions from inpatient and outpatient visits, diagnoses, and procedures research laboratory test results Available Dates Jul 1993Jun 2000 Professional billing Laboratory results Cardiac surgery IDX billing system HL-7 messages from SunQuest Lab System Cardiac surgery outcomes data (de? ned by Society of Thoracic Surgeons Oct 1992Jun 2000 Jan 1996Jun 2000 Clinical details for thoracic surgery casesJul 1993Jun 2000 168 Einbinder, Scully, Pates, Schubart, Reynolds into the CDR, including microbiology results, discharge summaries (and another(prenominal) narrative data), outpatient prescribing information, graze entry details, and tumor registry information. As of October 2000, we have just ? nished incorporating death registry data from the V irginia Department of Health into the CDR. These data will provide our users with direct access to more comprehensive mortality outcomes data than are contained in local information systems, which generally are restricted to an in-hospital death indicator.User Interface. The user interface runs in a standard Web browser and consists of a data dictionary, a appealingness of common gateway interface (CGI) programs implemented using the C programming language, and JavaScriptenabled HTML pages. Structured doubtfulness language (SQL) statements are generated automatically in response to point-and-click actions by the user, enabling submission of ad hoc queries without former knowledge of SQL. The SQL queries are sent to the CGI programs that query the database and return results in dynamically created HTML pages.The entire process is controlled by the contents of the data dictionary, which is used to format SQL results, set up HTML links for data drill-down, and provide on-line help. Data may be downloaded immediately into Microsoft Excel or another analysis tool on the users workstation. Query Formulation. Most CDR users use the Guided Query function to retrieve data. This process involves three steps 1. De? ne a population of interest by setting conditions, for example, date ranges, diagnostic codes, physician identi? ers, service locations, and lab test codes or values. 2.Submit the query, specifying how much data the CDR should return (all matching data or a speci? ed number of rows). 3. After the CDR returns the population of interest, use the Report Menu to explore various attributes of the population on a case-by-case or group level. Custom reports can also be de? ned, and the results of any report can be downloaded into Microsoft Excel, Access, or other analysis tool. Generally, the query process requires several iterations to modify the population conditions or report options. In addition, shop the data may help the user generate ideas for additional q ueries.We believe that it is helpful for end users to go through this query process themselvesto directly engage the data. However, many users, especially those with a pressing need for data for a meeting, report, or grant, prefer to use CDR team members as intermediaries or analysts. To date, we have move to meet this preference, but as query volume increases, our ability to provide data in a timely manner may fall off. Security. A steering committee of clinicians guided the initial development of the CDR and established policies for its utilization and access. Only authorized users may log onto the CDR.To protect con? dentiality, all patient and physician identifying information has been partitioned into a secure Case Study A Data Warehouse for an Academic Medical Center 169 database. Translation from or to disguised identi? ers to or from actual identi? ers is possible but requires a written request and appropriate approval (for example, from a supervisor or the human investigat ions committee). All data transmitted from the database server to the users browser are encrypted using the secure Netscape Web server, and all accesses to the database are logged.In addition, CDR access is restricted to personal computers that are part of the Virginia. edu domain or that are authenticated by the universitys proxy server. Evaluation Understanding user needs is the basis for improving the CDR to enable users to retrieve the data independently and to increase usage of the CDR at our institution. Thus, assessing the value of the CDRhow well we meet our users needs and how we might increase our user basehas been an important activity that has helped guide planning for changes and enhancements and for storage allocation of our limited resources.Efforts to evaluate the CDR have included several approaches Monitoring user population and usage patterns Administering a CDR user survey Tracking queries submitted to the CDR and performing follow-up telephone interviews Us age Statistics. Voluntary usage of an IS resource is an important measure of its value and of user satisfaction. 5 However, usage of a data warehouse is credibly to be quite different than for other types of information resources, such as clinical information systems. A clinical system is likely to be used many times per day a data warehouse may be used sporadically.Thus, although we monitor system usage as a measure of the CDRs value, we believe that frequency of usage cannot be viewed in isolation in assessing the success of a data warehouse. Since the CDR went live, more than 300 individuals have requested and obtained logon IDs. As of September 30, 2000, 213 individuals had logged on and submitted at least one query. This number does not include usage by CDR project team members and does not re? ect analyses performed by team members for end users. Figure 1 shows the cumulative number of active users (those who submitted a query) and demonstrates a linear growth pattern.

London by William Blake with Composed upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth Essay Example for Free

London by William Blake with Composed upon Westminster dyad by William Wordsworth EssayCompare and contrast London by William Blake with Composed upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth and guide how apiece used his poetry to express his views astir(predicate) his life and ages.Blake and Wordsworth both display different views and attitudes ab emerge the city of London in their verse forms. They both lived in the same era, Blake lived during the 18th and then on into the nineteenth century (1757- 1827) and Wordsworth also lived during the 18th and then on into the 19th century (1770- 1850). As the poems were alive in the same era of life they were both alive during the industrial revolution. This was a time when children of a real(prenominal) age were sent up chimneys and were made to sweep them clean.They were used because of their very small size. This turned Wordsworth and and so Blake against London. They also didnt like other major cities in the country like Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool. The main reason why they hated major cities, with London being the largest one was because they hated pollution. They both preferred the countryside and nature to the soak and the bustle of Englands city environment. Both poets didnt really like what they saw around them. They were also both amatory poets.In the poem Composed upon Westminster Bridge, by William Wordsworth, the poet is expressing views towards London that are positive. This is unusual for Wordsworth as he commonly was against the industrialisation of London. In the poem, Wordsworth is describing the early sunrise sight of London and in particular Westminster Bridge. He makes out that London looks as beautiful as the countryside without anyone awake and the major air-polluting factories are empty and quiet.The viewer of the morning silent, bare, Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie.A main reason, which turned both of the poets against London, was because of the fac tories and tall buildings, which were caused by industrialisation. They felt that it ruined the natural beauty that the country has. There is also use of different parts of saving, in particular personification. This city at one time doth, like a garmentAlso in the poem, which is a sonnet, Wordsworth tries to baffle the pointacross to the readers that anyone who doesnt trance the beauty of London at this time in the day would have to be a very insensitive and not appreciate anything that was naturally beautiful in the world.Earth has not anything to show more than fair Dull would he be of soul who could pass by, a sight so cutaneous senses in its majesty.Wordsworth, who was poet laureate, along with William Blake both believed in Pantheism. This meant that they both saw god in nature.In the poem London, by William Blake, the poet is expressing his realthoughts about London as a whole. That it wasnt really a nice authority to be. Like William Wordsworth he didnt like London o ut-of-pocket to the fact that it had become so polluted due to industrialisation.The poem itself, contain four verses, each containing four lines in eachverse. The poem is also create verbally in doggerel style, because it is writtenin a crude and inartistic style.In the poem, Blake is expressing the bad inside information of London. His thoughts are dark and moody. He compares London to that of a battle site.And the hapless soldiers sigh. Runs in blood follow up palace walls.This for me sums up the exact thought of the poet, William Blake about London in general. When Blake was writing this poem, it was mid-night in London. The time of night is important in the poem as it reflects the dark and sombre mood of Blake.Right from the start out in the poem there is criticism of London, as Blake describes how the river has nowhere to go.As I wander each chartered street, near where the chartered Thames does flow.It is like the river is mapped out and has to flow exactly where it is sho wn on the map. This is because London has wooly-minded its natural beauty and is now so unnatural. The people who live in London are unceasingly having something to moan about, according to the Poet. This is because they are all so trapped in the City, many want to get out of London because it has become so industrialised and they want it so everything is naturally beautiful.And mark in every face I meet, Marks of weakness, marks of woe.Blake also feels trapped in London with nowhere to turn but to more factories.In every phone of every man. In every infants cry of fear, in every voice, in every ban, the mind forged manacles I hear.Blake uses different parts of speech throughout the poem.And blights with plagues the marriage hearse.An oxymoron is used here because people dont usually associate marriage with a hearse.The poets William Blake and William Wordsworth both express their own views towards London in their poetry, Blake with the dull view of London and Wordsworth with his unusual praise for London. some(prenominal) different parts of speech are exercised in each poem for different reasons. But the poets defy us their personal view towards London, each in a descriptive way.

Ethical Principle Essay Example for Free

honest Principle EssayEthical principles have a huge portion in the impact of learned or assisted euthanasia. Beneficence according to Beauchamp states, compassion taking positive action to help others confide to do profound are core principle of our patient advocacy (Beauchamp,2009,p38). The rank of beneficence obviously states to do good to achieve the best possible outcome. For example, medical research is expanding and exploring numerous cures for diseases that are do harm to people. Doctors that are approving euthanasia are because of empathy and kindness for the patient. The doctors and physicians are trying to do good for the patient by performing euthanasia because they know the prognoses is poor and the medical treatment wont cure the disease. Utilitarianism theory can also be applied to the situation, this theory supports what is best for most people. The value of the act is determined by its usefulness, with the main emphasis on the outcome or consequences(Amer ican Nursing Association). In other words, the greatest value for all, is the selection that is morally accurate. For example, some patients support active euthanasia because it ends the paroxysm of the person. The choice to end life in return brings the great happiness for large amount of people. The indecorum theory states, Agreements to respect right to self determine is a course of action and support of free-lance decision making. (Beauchamp,2009 p.38). People should have their own choice to make decision for themselves when it involves their lifes. If the atom is unable to make his or her needs known, an inform consent or power of attorney should be made before hand of the patient wishes. The ethical theory such as deontology mentions, people should raise to their task and obligations when review an ethical dilemma.ReferenceBeauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2009). Principles of biomedical ethics (6th ed., pp. 38-39). New York, NY Oxford University Press. American Nurses Association. Retrieved from website http//www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/Resources/Ethics-Definitions.pdf

International markets small business in USA Essay Example for Free

supranational markets small business in USA EssayInternational markets small business in USAIntroduction ship capitalists induct massive of money to companies that indirect request to expand but have no enough access to public funds. They are exiting to invest in such companies because they earn massive benefit when the company succeeds. Consequently, venture capitalists look for firms with strong care staff, large markets and unique goods with high competitive advantage (Gladstone Gladstone 2004). They are driven by the believe to own a large portion of the company so that they can influence its direction. International markets are complex due to their vast geographical coverage in the worlds rapidly changing and growing nations. The fundamentals for international markers ranging from diverse culture and languages, handling issues related to business ethics, selection of distribution and global market channels and international communication. They are the advert iss ues that guide the operationality of worldwide markets (Omar, Abduh, Sukmana, 2013) This situation represent personal and paid dilemma where by the personal and professional interests that are simultaneously conflicting. I will use the principles of respectable decision making figure out seek supervision self mirror image and illumination of the process will also consider legal obligation that supersedes my professional and personal ethics (Wueste,1994). I will talk both the boss and supervisor to examine their feeling about my situation as that touch on my professional ethics. The small businesses are important in US economy in many aspects. They exercise many people, actually about the half of the total workforce in there a key in driving the economy as opposed to giant multi-billion dollar companies (White House Committee on Small Business, 1962).They are instrumental in stabilizing forces in the economy .the owners are backbone for creativity innovation production and val ue creation in United States. The small business is actually what stimulates the economy.ReferencesGladstone, D., Gladstone, L. (2004). Venture capital investing The complete handbook for investing in private businesses for outstanding profits. Upper load River, NJ Prentice Hall/Financial TimesOmar, A., Abduh, M., Sukmana, R. (2013). Fundamentals of Islamic money and capital markets. capital of Singapore John WileyWhite House Committee on Small Business (U.S.). (1962). Small business in the American economy Its contributions and its problems and the role of the Federal Government. Washington.Wueste, D. E. (1994). Professional ethics and social responsibility. Lanham, Md Rowman and Littlefield.Source account

Roles of Managers and Individuals Essay Example for Free

Roles of Managers and Individuals EssayThere is one thing that is a invariant within any(prenominal) boldness which is miscellanea. switch over is undeniable and inevitable. Change is what leads to progress. Structures, procedures, systems and policies and systems or just a some forms of spay which an organization will use when utilizing assortment. When an organization undergoes goes there is a focus on the behaviors as well as the results based production delivered by its employees. When employees engage themselves in the trade forge composition taking ownership of the processes in place, the organization will obtain value. Management at the executive level to the supervisors on the front line will every last(predicate) play a business office in the process of change. The following will examine the roles of managers, change agents that argon apply, as well as the managements role in combating rampart, and championing change.Roles of ManagersThe ultimate goal of change management is to engage employees and encourage their adoption of a new way of doing their jobs. (Change Management Learning Center, 2014). There are several key management roles in the change process such as a project team, intermediate level managers and supervisors and finally executives and elderberry bush management. Senior-level managers and executives have many roles such as visibility and participation throughout the entire duration of the project, pass around with employees, manage resistance and build a group of strong leading for the future. An effective way to guess the success of a project is through strong leadership. Front line supervisors and intermediate-level managers also manage resistance in addition to the roles of coaching, advocating, communicating and acting as a liaison for upper management to theindividuals. Employees pick out hearing the risks and rewards that come from change and how it will affect the staff on a daylight to day basis from t heir direct manager as this is who they built a report with. Managers act as the utterance of the organization and must be advocates of change whether they agree with it or not. The managers job is to stay resistance from employees, take direction while providing feedback to the team and helping with the individual transitions of the employees.When dealing with the change process, the role of the individual is the acceptance of altering the day to day operations while using the solutions of change. The employees are in charge of controlling the changes and alterations in their particular division or area. The employees also act as the main source of feedback regarding the changes as they are on the front line and see all of these changes first hand.Change AgentsWhether the organization is large or small, it will need a change agent to undergo the change process. A change agent is defined as individual or group that undertakes the task of initiating and managing change in an organ ization (Lunenburg, 2010). A change agent will either be internal, which consists of managers, supervisors or any employee that is in charge of the over-sight of the change, or extraneous, which consists of any third party firms or consultants. knowledgeable Change AgentsInternal change agents consist of individuals that provide training, knowledge, personal perspectives, procedures in problem solving, skill building, data gathering to measure processes and assistance with team learning within groups. Internal changes agents will invest themselves personally in the change and have knowledge of the organizations culture, issues, employees and environment.External Change AgentsExternal change agents are used to make large organizational overhauls and massive changes. These change agents are brought in from outside theorganization and are used to provide an unbiased perspective of the situation and push the organization to think outside of the norm.The draw-backs of external change ag ents are avail business leader ( as they will have other clients), cost, and time ( to become old(prenominal) with the way the organization runs its business).Combating ResistanceThe first step in combating resistance is to realize that not all employees are going to resist the changes. erstwhile the employees who do resist are identified its grave for management to identify how each employee will respond better(p) when feeling resistant. Managers would be best served face for signs of resistance that include sabotage, blaming and intimidation. Once these symptoms have been identified management must utilize the correct court with which they use for the employee. Some of these approaches includeResistance Cycle- This approach includes the psychological stages such as resistance and denial. Situational Approach- This is a combination of six methods that range from communication to education to implicit and explicit coercion. Thought Self-Leadership- This process involves spark advance through persuasion using the thoughts of the individual. Successful leadership involves identifying and understanding the differences between the two styles of resistance, passive and active. Once this is done, action may be taken to squash any resistance the employees have created.Championing ChangeChampioning change begins in the hiring and grooming process. Organizations are committed to choosing the best available candidates that will flourish and blossom into the leaders of the future. The organization must identify the changes they are looking to make and then choose employees that will best format to those changes, Once the employees have been selected, they must be given all the tools needed to transition the organization to where it wants to go, this includes training and education. Finally, feedback needs to be given throughout the process to ensure that all agreed upon changes are being completed successfully and are accomplishing desiredobjectives. There is one thing that is a continuous within any organization which is change. Change is undeniable and inevitable. Utilizing change agents, having active leadership and management with the ability to communicate, and sustaining a positive relationship with the employees are sure fire ways to ensure a unlined transition through change.ReferencesChange Management Learning Center. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.change-management.com/tutorial-job-roles-mod2.htm Lunenburg, F.C. (2010). Managing Change The role of the change agent. International daybook of Management, Business, and Administration, 13(1), 1-6. Retrieved from http//www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Lunenburg,%20Fred%20C. %20Managing%20Change%20The%20Role%20of%20Change%20Agent%20IJMBA,%20V13%20N1%202010.pdf

The Life of Saddam Hussein Essay Example for Free

The Life of ibn Talal ibn Talal ibn Talal ibn Talal Hussein Hussein Essayibn Talal Hussein Hussein was born on April 28th 1937 in Al-Awja, a small Iraqi townsfolk. At a young age Hussain fled from his abusive father to live with his uncle who was a devoted Sunni Muslim. His uncle had ibn Talal Hussein attend a nationalist secondary school and after graduating Hussein studied law for three years but didnt earn a tier until he was older. At the age of 20 Hussein joined the Arab Baath Socialist Party also known as ABSP. aft(prenominal) receiving six months of jail time 5 years previous for political activities against the government he was again sentenced to jail for being part of ABSP. barely while in jail Hussein was elect part of the ABSPs Pan-Arab National Leadership. Saddam afterwards would escape from jail and rise through the Baath Party ranks. He earned a degree in law from Baghdad university which helped him become a powerful politician who was known for being util e and progressive. In 1972, he began developing a chemical weapons program and signed a accord with the USSR for their friendship and cooperation. Throughout the 1970s, Saddam Hussein led his nation through urbanization by providing electricity to rural Iraq and also developing national infrastructure.Hussein also helped his image grow when creating a accede of the art public health system which was considered to be one of the best in the Middle eastmost at the time. Hussein continued his accomplishments when being elect assistant secretary general of the National Pan- Arab Leadership. In the year 1979 Saddam earns three create accomplishments to his resume. First off, he was elected death chair of his homeland. Second, he was elected secretary general of the regional leading of Baath. Lastly, he was elected chairman of the Revolution ask Council.The 1970s can be argued to be Saddams best decade before destroying his image throughout the world. After becoming president in 19 79 Hussein started a war with neighboring Iran in 1980 after invading one of Irans oil provinces. It only took a year or two before Saddam used the chemical weapons produced from his chemical weapons program which began in 1972 to kill thousands of innocent people. Hussein showed his ruthless leadership when it came to those who were possible threats when Dr. Ibrahim (A man who was responsible for the death of a patient, and was later arrested) was found disassembled when delivered to his wife.Hussein once again displayed his cruelty when using his chemical weapons once again in 1988 in a Kurdish town killing 5,000 civilians. Soon after the war ended in a stalemate leaving twain countries economies in ruins after borrowing tens of billions of dollars from separate nations. In 1990, Saddam invaded the oil rich and prospering capital of Kuwait so that Iraq could sell the oil to help pay back their debt. Hussein argued that Kuwait was historically an total part of Iraq. After inva ding Kuwait Saddam merged the two countries on August 2nd.The usurpation of Kuwait started a Gulf War which lasted only a year. In 2002 Saddam Hussein was elected president for the 5th straight time winning 99 percent of the vote in a noncompetitive poll. A year later Hussin denies inspectors to search for any nuclear weapons in his country. Ultimately crotch hair gave Saddam and ultimatum for him and his two sons Uday and Qusay to flee the country in 48 hours or the U. S. will use force. Saddam stood his ground and told the U. S. moved in with Operation Iraqi Freedom. Iraqs capital was soon taken over forcing the nations president to flee.Nine months later Saddam Hussein was captured by coalition forces and handed over to the Iraqi government. Hussein was first trialed in July of 2004 for the death of about 150 Shia. On October 19th trial began in Iraq, Hussein refused to show his face or reconize the authority of the court. A second trial opened up in 2006 after charges of genoc ide. On the 5th of November Saddam Hussein was convicted of the charges and is sentenced to death by hanging. Two others were also convicted and give the same punishment. Saddam Hussein was hung on December 30th 2006 at the age of 69.Saddam Hussein wasnt always known for being a cruel and evil leader. During his 20s and 30s he helped his country prosper and urbanize. He donated money to farmers, brought electricity to most of Iraq, and many other notable contributions to his country and the Middle East. When Saddam Hussein became president that is when things started to go down hill for his temperament of being caring for his country. The beginning half of Saddam Husseins life can be inspirational, but the second half can be classified as evil and an example of what leaders can do when feared by most of the world.

Re-organization and Layoff Team Discussion & Summary Essay Example for Free

Re-organization and Layoff Team Discussion Summary EssayMismanaged layoffs can go horribly wrong.The effect of mismanaged LAYOFFs on the remaining men and the effects, lack of management preparation, the human condition, and lack of mitigation strategies. We hypothesize that the problem with this oblige is that not enough managers or HR personal, know how to let a person go from their mesh effectively. They sometimes dont realize the bushel that it has on the some otherwise employees morals. Also, that sometimes companies dont take a closer view to make sure d letsizing will be the answer to cutting costs like they think that it will. Every HR or manager should be let go in their lifetime so that they know what it feels like. I believe that this statement holds tremendous merit because the best lessons in life atomic number 18 learned through personal experience. In order to adequately communicate life changing messages of sorts, it should be done by a seasoned manager . I will be very surprised if some(prenominal) company has a potential layoff learning path that will coach and chase after the management provide for these kinds of things. It is imperative to be sensitive to the individual being laid off as this will impact their livelihood significantly. I do agree that other options much is explored such as relocating or affiance cuts before making the decision to lay off people.The ProblemLayoffs create uncertainty in the workforce causing liberation of productivity in remaining the remaining workforce. The article addresses that a managers approach is preponderant we dont disagree with this sentiment, but I dont see it as a large of an issue as the condition of the article. If a company is at a percentage point where they are laying off employees, all other options should have been exhausted. The author writes the article from the power that managers dont know how manage and that layoff are ineffective.I agree layoffs are not useful, but an amount of respect or approach refinement isgoing to make the loss of income any easier I compare that to putting lipstick on a pig. Trying to make a bad side easier is often more disrespectful than being direct. Firing is something that is done privately and should be kept confident between the manager and the employee being let go. If a manager is letting, someone go for the right reasons the example should be evident to the employees as cause and effect being held accountable for their actions. If the coach is abusing their hiring/firing authority that would affect employee morale forced silence, uncertainty, etc. Problem SolutionsThe options that were covered in the group discussion I feel very informative. When it comes to releasing someone, whether it is a termination or a layoff, it was discussed if readiness for those types of situations would be suitable, or if one could even prepare to carry out something of that delicate nature. You can train someone how to do a nything, but that does not necessarily mean it will be conducted in the bearing it was taught. I think it all highly depends on the situation and the individual who is delivering the news to the employee.The authors best point is one of the best solutions transparency. Managers should allow people the autonomy of reacting, working through, and coping with a layoff in their own way. Transparency is the most respectful approach that management can take as it shows them the truth of the situation and explains the steps being taken and why. I would add rather than trying to find another position within the company as suggested (the company is already struggling?) they could offer employment assistance to other enterprises communicate with other organizations in the same industry to identify openings that people would fit into well. They could put unitedly a communications package that shows them what benefits are available, assistance programs, etc.

Japanese animation and how its been influenced by American culture in the 20th century

Nipp unrivaledse vitality and how its been maked by Ameri cornerstone finishing in the 20th cokeIntroductionIn this essay I shall investigate to what extent twentieth century American kitchen-gardening has influenced lacquerese animation. I shall examine the muniment of Nipp unrivaledse read, paying close attention to the rise of animation as an independent art spiel in determine what facets of American glossiness have appe ared and influenced Nipp binglese animation, including language, pop gardening and consumerism present both lawsuit studies of lacquerese fairylike productions that adhere to the American influence and draw conclusions from my findings.For my search I shall be referencing writings on japanese animation, American culture and take aim hi account statement. The case studies shall consist of films by Osamu Tezuka and Mamoru Oshii.History of lacquerese AnimationThe japanese film manufacturing was born out of the fascination with Edi tidingss Kin etoscope. The Kinetoscope had been inaugural shown in smart York in 1894, and two years later the Japanese imported several to their cities. This was a period of jubilation and novelty as the Sino-Japanese war had been won in 1895 with Japan forcing the Chinese invasion out of Korea proving that Japan could ad nevertheless to the modern civilization sic which less than fifty years earlier had arrived knocking at the unopen gates of the country in the person of Commodore Perry. It was the reign of Emperor Meiji, spanning 44 years from 1868 to 1912, which welcomed an era of fast commercial expansion. In 1897, the Lumire brothers Cinmatographe arrived with a mixed bill of films including Baignade en Mer and LArrive dun naturalize en Gare. This was followed by the Edison Vitascope and its films The Death of Mary Queen of Scots and Feeding Pigeons. These innovative projectors were naturally touristy with the Japanese, including the future Emperor Taisho. The public were arriving in their thousands to watch these films and continued to do so for a nonher xx years. Throughout this period the Japanese were importing films from Europe and the united States.It was only in 1912 that Japan assembleed its first production comp whatsoever Nikkatsu Motion Picture Company. Established as an independent company under the entitle Japan Cinematograph Company, Nikkatsu started mass distri andion and production of films in the 1920s. This meant that Japan was pipe down dependant on films traind in the West to exhibit in its cinemas in the 1910s. During the First World War (1914-1918) European films were unavailable and to foregather the void Japan began to heavily import films from Hollywood. One particular film that was to change the way the Japanese read film narrative was D.W. Griffiths 1916 feature, Intolerance. Perhaps the director nost influenced by Griffith in this early period of Japanese film was Norimasa Kaeriyama. Kaeriyama introduced advanced film techni que into Japan and helped establish the Film Record, the countrys first motion demo magazine. His films were heavily inspired by the Hollywood narrative structure and were dedicated to the introduction of long-, medium-, and close-shots, together with redaction principles the conversion to realistic acting and the affair of actresses in womens roles instead of oyama (oyama impersonators were previously used instead of actresses for womanish roles).After the death of Emperor Taisho in 1926 Japans young Emperor, Showa (Hirohito), began to reject the liberal attitudes towards Hesperian influence of his predecessor. thither was much(prenominal) emphasis on creating greater armies and a to a greater extent powerful navy than building diplomatical relations. Before the Great Depression rocked the United States and Europe, Japan had already suffered this was accelerated by the population scag across the country. Japan now put emphasis into its manufacturing and exportation of ho nourables. Japans contrasted policy had conk one of aggressive expansion they had seized control of the rail shipway in Shandong, China, but were forced to withdraw after China boycotted Japanese exports. There was un stay on in the country as labour unions were growing and dissatisfaction bred. Strikes and boycotts were predominate, and this was reflected in the films of the time. Period manoeuvre films afforded the public the luxury of escapism while, on the other end of the scale, left-hand(a)-wing tendency films that sought to encourage, or fight against, a given social tendency played to the nation. This period of filmmaking in Japan be that the industry had grown up from its humble origins and was establishing its own themes.The influx of the talkies from Hollywood finally pushed Japanese filmmakers to produce their own sound filmes. In the early 1930s sound became the norm for Japanese productions and therefore pushed the boundaries of the industry allowing directors suc h as Teinosuke Kinugasa to spend a penny lavish dramas that were adored by the public. Suddenly the door was open for filmmakers to adapt historic tales dramatically. These dramas were singled out by the Emperor who cut them as an important tool to boost the nations morale, present the masses how important history was and how important it was to actually make their own history. The second Sino-Japanese war was non unexpected. The film industry had to develop the skills to produce the war genre. The first Japanese war movie was Tomotaka Tasakas 1938 feature, v Scouts (Gonin no Sekkohei). It is interesting to none that this film does not include the pride, nationalism or propaganda that was being released in the United States, Britain or Germany. The story dealt with the lives of five soldiers caught up in a battle that they know they mustiness(prenominal) fight. This narrative development of character over while is still used in modern cinema, roughly recently in Sam Me ndes Jarhead (2005).After the destruction of the guerilla World War, Japan was forced to redo as a nation. The Emperor saw the need to keep the cinemas open (at least those that still remained). intersection continued, some unfinished films were abandoned due to their military narrative, and projects that had been discarded forwards the outbreak of war were completed. The occupying ally interim government announced a list of prohibited subjects, these included militarism, revenge, nationalism, religious or racial discrimination, feudal loyalty, suicide, cruelty, exploitation of children and opposition to the occupation. Editorial power had been taken away from the filmmakers and left with a foreign military presence. Out of this period two important directors were to emerge Kurosawa and Kinoshita.In 1950, Akira Kurosawas Rashomon was released. The film introduced new ideas to Japanese, and universe of discourse, cinema. It was the first film to use flashbacks that disagreed wi th the action they were flashing back to. It supplied first-person eyewitness accounts that differed radically one of which came from beyond the grave. The final conniption saw no Hollywood resolution with three self-confessed killers and no explanation. His later films included sevensome Samurai (Shichinin no samurai) (1954), The Hidden Fortress (Kakushi-toride no san-akunin) (1958) and Yojimbo (1961). Keisuke Kinoshita say Japans first colour film in 1951 with Carmen Comes stand (Karumen kokyo ni kaeru). Kinoshitas guide is much lighter than that of Kurosawa and his influences seem to come from French comedies most notably in the two Carmen movies featuring the stripper-with-a-heart-of-gold Carmen. Both these and other films explore the need for a character to leave the countryside and head to the new cities. This was echoed in Japans successful attempts to join the United Nations in 1956.In 1958 the first cartoon feature from Japan was released from the Toei studios. Panda a nd the Magic Serpent (Hakuja den) was directed by Kazuhiko Okabe and Taiji Yabushita and tells of two lovers in ancient China who must battle evil to find happiness. The film combines bizarre supernatural sequences, psychedelic montages and instantly likeable songs. thus far though it can be argued that this is the Japanese interpretation of Disneys 1940 classic Fantasia, Panda and the Magic Serpent heralds the germ of the Japanese animation industry ( gum gum gum anime).Anime is the term used to describe Japanese animation. Since the 1950s Japan has been at the forefront of not only producing animation but is a solid ground-leader in comic bulk art, or Manga. It is best described by Gilles Poitras Anime (pronounced ah-nee-may), as defined by common non-Japanese fan usage, is any animation made in Japan. In Japan, the word simply means animation. While anime is sometimes erroneously referred to as a genre, it is in reality an art form that includes all the genres found in cin ema or literature, from heroic grands and romances to science fiction and comedy. Whereas anime is what people would refer to as cartoons, Manga is the illustrated storyboards that the reader animates in his or her head. The fact that Manga is read by a whole cross-section of alliance is notable because it is simply too fascinating, colorful sic, and rich a literary medium to be left solely to children.The 1960s saw a host of anime films released. In The Enchanted Monkey (Saiyu-ki), directed by Daisaku Shirakawa, Taiji Yabushita and Osamu Tezuka in 1960, the story is a retelling of part of the epic Chinese classic, The Journey to the West, written by Wu Cheng-En in the sixteenth century. This technique of updating early stories was a popular theme in anime and is still used today. However, it was not only the cinema that was releasing anime productions. Japanese television organization aery Mighty Atom (Tetsuwan Atomu) from 1963 to 1966. Mighty Atom was the creation of Dr Osamu T ezuka, an influential figure in the early development of Manga. It was the first animated serial publication produced by Tezukas television and film production company, Mushi Studios. The initial episode was shown as a television special on New Years Eve (one of the most widely viewed evenings on Japanese television) and became an instant success. When the serial publication was shown in the United States the characters name was changed to Astroboy due to DC Comics already owning a character called The Mighty Atom. The series proved to be extremely popular with children, and sparked controversy amongst parents who, even though the translation was greatly softened and sometimes edited for juvenile listenings, complained that the often dark subject weigh was not desirable for impressionable young minds. Some episodes exhibited increasingly dreamlike and surreal imagery. This argument still persists today with the debate on whether graphic violence in cartoons (or anime) can prov e detrimental to a young audience.The 1970s was a time of consolidation for the animation studios. The worldwide popularity of anime had afforded hundreds of studios to be flock up to produce a plethora of films and television series. The moon instituteing in 1969 fired the humor of the world with more emphasis on science fiction and that is what the audience wanted. Fans of anime, or otaku, from around the world demanded new productions from these studios, and in turn the studios delivered new and advanced films. Otaku derives from the Chinese character for house and the honorific prefix o-. This translates as your honourable house. It is an extremely polite way of saying you when addressing another person in dialogue the writer Akio Nakamori proposed that the term be applied to the fans themselves. Another interpretation, as used by the Japanese media, is that of extreme fixation, which is probably closer to the truth. Either way it is the fans of anime that have been the driv ing force behind its success.In 1971 an animator directed 24 episodes of an anime series called lupine III (Rupan sansei). It was the start of a truly important career for perhaps the most important animator to come out of Japan. This man was Hayao Miyazaki. The series ran from 1971 to 1972 and was so successful that a number of sequels were made as well as theatrical releases. Lupin III describes the career of gang members in 1970s society. The action targeted the adult audience with its violence, sex, dark gratify and contemporary soundtrack. Eight years later Miyazaki went on to direct The Castle of Cagliostro (Rupan sansei Kariosutoro no shiro). The film is a continuation of the Lupin franchise that started with the television series in 1971. The emphasis is on the characters rather than the plot a trait that Miyazaki develops over the course of his career. Even though the film is far from being one of the best specimens of anime from the 1970s, the pace, comedy and willing ness to show anti-heroes captures the feeling of the decade. Another example of an anime series that became spherical was Gatchaman Science Ninjas (Kagaku ninja tai Gatchaman). This series before ran from 1972 to 1974 in Japan before being renamed Battle of the Planets when it air out in the United States in 1978. Yet again the re-dubbed, re-edited version was toned down for the Western audience, so much so that the series was moved from Earth to outer space sequences with a robot (7-Zark-7) were added to put together the unafraidr storylines together, make up for the lost (edited) footage and jump on the Star Wars R2-D2 bandwagon exploding planes and ships were always robot-controlled and Spectra forces constantly ejected. The original Gatchaman series introduced characters that had feelings and motivation there was character development and ongoing sub-plots. They sought revenge, felt jealousy and fear, had relationships, and got hurt. The villains were unabashedly evil, not misguided. The heroes didnt always win, at least not completely.It was as if the West was still not ready to boob anime and Manga as an art form that was acceptable for adults to enjoy. Anime was still widely seen as cartoons for children in the 1970s.The Japanese animation industry went from strength to strength in the eighties. It was the decade that saw the Western world finally succumb to the power of anime. This was a two-pronged attack a Manga pincer movement. For those that still believed animation was for children there was the extraordinary global phenomenon that was Transformers, and for those that were looking for an alternative cult classic there was Akira. In 1984, American recreate manufacturer Hasbro bought the rights to produce transforming robots from Japanese company Takara. To bolster the sales of their new line Hasbro decided to use anime as the frontline attack on the target audience (children). The result was the extremely successful Transformer series. This series led to the production of the 1986 feature film, Transformers The Movie. This was the first real evidence of American culture, in its consumer form, influencing Japanese animation. In stark contrast of the animation-as-advert, Katsuhiro tomo directed the 1988 classic Akira. The film was soon to become a benchmark for anime in Japan, and across the world. This was a film that was aimed at adults with dark, subversive themes. The futuristic settings of Neo-Tokyo were apocalyptic and tinged with doom. After Akira it was widely accepted that anime was not just for children.The 1990s saw anime reach mass pull as the release of such films as Patlabor (Kid keisatsu patoreb) (1990), Patlabor II (Kid keisatsu patoreb 2) (1993) and spectre in the Shell (Kkaku kidtai) (1995) by Mamoru Oshii found an international audience Hideaki Anno and Kazuya Tsurumakis 1997 feature End of Evangelion (Shin seiki Evangelion Gekij-ban Air) followed on where the original Japanese television series left off and of course Hayao Miyazakis Crimson Pig (Kurenai no buta) (1992) and Princess Mononoke (Mononoke-hime) (1997). The American influence was still rife as the toy industry, in particular the computer and word-painting game market, provided the plotlines to a number of films and television series including Street Fighter II The Movie (1994), Battle Arena Toshinden (1997) and the original series of the attached big thing, Pokmon (1998 onwards). In 1999, Michael Haigney and Kunihiko Yuyama directed the feature length version of the popular Pokmon series Pokmon The First Movie. Whereas the 1980s saw Transformers flood the childrens market, the beginning of the new millennium saw the Japanese revenge. Pokmon originally began as a video game, on the Nintendo Gameboy The Pokmon game was the platform for the Pokmon brand to kick-start what would become the worlds largest success story in the game-licensing card-collecting business. The video game gave the characters identities, the co llection cards gave them powers, the movie added life to the brand, and word-of-mouth spread the news. The Pokmon invasion is still diaphanous nearly ten years later as the television series is still in production, with two feature film sequels having followed the original cinematic release. The consumerism powers of America had truly influenced anime.American Cultural InvasionThe pagan invasion from the West began in earnest at the turn of the twentieth century. Japans industrial revolution had been late to start but quickly gathered momentum. By 1890 there were two hundred large locomote factories where twenty years earlier there had been none steamship tonnage increased from 15,000 to over 1,500,000 slews in the period between 1893 and 1905 and by 1896 things Western were in full fashion derbies or wheat berry boaters were worn with formal kimono, the big gold pocket-watch was tucked into the obi, and spectacles, whether needed or not, were esteemed as a sign of learning. I ronically, the period when Japan found itself bowing down to the pressure of American influence was instantly after fighting a war against it. When the atom bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki it was not just the radiation that remained in Japan. Any country that has been invaded will always have traces of the invaders culture embedded into the normal life of its habitants. The consort (most notably the American) control of Japan directly after the war was to allow Western influences to develop into the Japanese way of life. This influence was both highly visual as well as subliminal. America saw the clandestine operations there were not only as part of an effort to defeat Japan but similarly as the opening wedge for post-war Southeast Asia. The Japanese were suspicious of the Western memory access to education and the governing of their homeland. The handicraft, they thought, had destroyed traditional Japanese virtues and unleashed a wave of selfishness and egotism. I n an interview with the hoary president of a real estate company in Oita City, author Jeffrey Broadbent discovered the feelings of the former owbers of the land Due to American influence, the heart of our people has been lost our way of thinking that, if its good for the progress of the whole, its good to sacrifice yourself The Japanese strength from group unity has been lost. The other side of the coin is the very noticeable, consumer-led American ethnical assault on Japan.The way in which American culture has seeped into the Japanese way of life is what Koichi Iwabuchi writes as strategies that incorporate the viewpoint of the dominated, who long ago learned to negotiate Western culture in their consumption of media products imported fro the West. Depending on the viewpoint of the individual, culture and life in Japan, and especially that in the thickly populated areas, are influenced by the same commercial culture that defines the American way of life today. Japanese streets a re now littered with the flashing neon signs that are found (admittedly all over the world) adorning the pavements of any American town or city. Western branding has left its mark on Japan. The American phenomenon of the fast-food culture such as McDonalds, Burger King, Dunkin Donuts, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Baskin-Robbins, and other outlets dominate the Japanese urbanscape more than in America. As a matter of fact the first Disneyland outside the United States was built in Japan. Even when taking into context the immense popularity of Japanese culture (for example, the growth of Yo Sushi restaurants in the UK) and the Wests embracing of Eastern philosophies (in this case Shinto and Buddhism), it is safe to say that Japanese culture has been more extensively shaped by its American counterpart than wrong versa. If it is indeed true that Japans exports of products and manufactured goods far outweighs its imports, then it is similarly true that Japan imports vastly more information about or from the United States than the other way round.Japan is today regarded as one of the leading powers in the world especially in the representation of its national media the Japanese population of more than 120 million people and its economic wealth make the Japanese audiovisual market, along with that of the United States, one of the only two self-sufficient markets in the world. However, this does not mean that foreign popular culture is no longer consumed in Japan American popular culture has continued to strongly influence and saturate Japan. Japan is one of the biggest buyers of Hollywood movie and many Japanese television formats and concepts are also deeply influenced by and borrowed from American programmes yet the format is quite often changed to make it more suitable to a Japanese audience What was marked as foreign and exotic yesterday can become familiar today and traditionally Japanese tomorrow. Kosaku Yoshino writes that although Japan has developed a relative maturity of its cultural industries, it still hasnt found itself fully expanding on the exportation of its television programming and films to other regions of the world. This unexportability of Japanese media can be explained by the term cultural discount A particular programme rooted in one culture and thus attractive in that environment will have a pocket-size appeal elsewhere as viewers find it difficult to identify with the style, values, beliefs, institutions and behavioural patterns of the material in question. Included in the cultural discount are reductions in appreciation due to dubbing or subtitling. The biggest media products that the Japanese have managed to export, despite cultural discount, is Manga and anime but is this due to American cultural influences regulate the genre into a more Western-friendly medium?Case Study 1 Alakazam the Great (Saiyu-ki)The first example of a Japanese animation that has been influenced by American culture is the 1960 feature, The Enc hanted Monkey (Saiyu-ki), directed by Daisaku Shirakawa, Taiji Yabushita and Osamu Tezuka for Toei Studios. It was released in America as Alakazam the Great in an attempt to win a bigger audience by moving away from the emphasis of the ancient Eastern tale, the story is a retelling of part of the epic Chinese classic The Journey to the West (Xiyouji), written by Wu Cheng-En in the sixteenth century. The title name-change and the incidental character name-changes point to the influence that America held over Japanese culture at the time. The original story chronicles the many encounters of Sanzo, a monk who travels from China to India to obtain a copy of the original Buddhist scriptures to bring back to his country and teach the purity of Siddhartas original messages. In Osamu Tezukas film the star of the show is not Sanzo but Son Goku, the monkey king. Son Guko is a talented but arrogant warrior that is sent on a journey by Buddha to learn the virtues of humility and compassion. Ho wever, when re-dubbed and released in the United States the characters changed.Sanzo became Prince Amat and turns out to be the son of Buddha. Buddha in turn is named King Amo, Sir Quigley (Pigze), Lulipopo (Sandy), and Son Goku is renamed the titular Alakazam.Considering the fact that the storyline was centuries old there is more than a passing resemblance between the character of Alakazam (Son Guko) and the way in which Japan was seen by the rest of the world. In the tale the protagonist is king of his surroundings (Japan in the late 1930s and early 1940s) before he discovers the existence of a people that are more powerful than him. In an attempt to outfox them he sneaks into their world and begins a pre-emptive strike against them (Pearl Harbour attack). He is then disciplined by a greater being (America) before being allowed to continue his journey under the agreement that he learns from his mistakes (the Occupation and the subsequent acceptance into the United Nations). I bel ieve the fact that Tezuka decided to use the story to create this, the third Japanese feature length animation, demonstrates an understanding of the ever present American dominance over Japan.The aesthetics of the production borrow from the American animations of the time. In the post-war period it was evident that the biggest influence on the fit of Manga style artwork came from the imports of European and American comic books and animation. The most famous being the work from the studios of Walt Disney. Osamu Tezuka was originally a Manga artist before he became involved with anime. His style and technique was heavily influenced by Disney (he admitted to observance Bambi 80 times and Snow White 50 times). The studio that he worked for, Toei, strived for that same cross-cultural, cross-generational appeal of Disney, albeit victimization more Asian scenarios. Considering that he had studied Disneys Bambi to the point of obsession it is not surprising to learn that Tezuka observe how Bambis childish attributes, such as his big eyes and large head, were an ideal way of conveying hard emotions. The influence of the West is truly evident in this film, and many that followed it.Case Study 2 Ghost in the Shell (Kkaku kidtai) (1995)The second film I am looking at in detail is Ghost in the Shell (Kkaku kidtai) (1995), directed by Mamoru Oshii. It is widely accepted that anime has been inspired by a number of different factors that draws simultaneously on medieval Japanese traditions, on American cyberpunk styles, and on an imagery of ethnic and cultural mixture (of the sort envisioned in make Runner) that never quite evokes any specific human society, but that in various ways hints of the American dream of a multicultural society and suggests the extent to which the American science fiction film has become a key narrative type for much of contemporary culture. This cyberpunk culture has been lapped up by the Japanese and features heavily in Manga and anime. Perha ps the most famous writers and contributors to this particular genre are William Gibson, author of the cult Neuromancer and Philip K. Dick, author of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, the novel that was the basis of the 1982 classic Blade Runner.Both these writers provided a futuristic world that could be pull ahead advanced by the medium of animation. The plot of Ghost in the Shell parallels Neuromancer very closely, except that rather than an artificial intelligence seeking to be free by merging with its better half, an artificial life form (the Puppet Master) seeks to free itself by merging with the protagonist (cyborg Major Motoko Kusangi).Developing similar themes to Gibson and Dick, Oshiis interest in mankinds over-reliance on technology is brought to a logical conclusion in Ghost in the Shell, which foregrounds fundamental questions about what it is to be human in an increasingly computerised cyberworld, where a computer programme gains sentience and also questions its o wn function in the acquirement of power, autonomy and longevity. In Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? and later Blade Runner the plot and characterisation are centred on the struggle to determine what is human and what is auto.It can be argued that Neuromancer borrows from modern Eastern culture as the locale is set in Japan, however, it is the significance of the characters rather than the setting that has cemented it as a science-fiction classic. In Dicks novel, the opening image of the book, comparing nature to technology, sets the tone of this narrative. The protagonist, Case is a combination of man and machine a now common trait amongst Cyberpunk literature and animation.It is this imagery that Oshii has borrowed from the West that has provided the background to his work Blade Runner has been labelled as one of the finest examples of post-noir with its anti-heroes, atmospheric lighting and dark storylines, and Oshii replicates this in his film. He uses sound, and in particu lar the score written by Kenji Kawais to achieve an emotional response from the viewer that is a million miles from any Disney cartoon. He presents Ghost in the Shell with the feeling of a bona fide film noir that just happens to be an anime production.As such Oshii has admittedly borrowed American ideas, themes and culture but he has form his own seminal style out of it. He uses the medium not only to entertain but to put forward questions of morality to an audience that are not treated like children Oshii develops the form by refusing innocence and indifference, insisting upon only the maturity of the medium. Indeed, while in an accessible, orthodox model, it only advances the case further that all animation is in some sense experimental, even within populist forms.ConclusionFrom my research I have drawn the conclusion that Japanese animation has indeed been influenced by twentieth century American culture. This has happened side by side with the country as a whole accepting elem ents of Western popular culture. As early as the beginning of the century under the leadership of Emperor Meiji Japan began to embrace the West after years of being an insular island race. It was immediately after the end of the Second World War, when Japan was occupied by the Americans under General MacArthur from 1945 to 1951, that the floodgates opened. American control influenced education, culture and public living. Whereas the older generation saw this as Japan losing its heart the younger generation thought of it as a fresh start. This is evident in Japans rise to power in the 1960s onwards. The Feudal system of Japan that had reigned until 1868 had been disregarded the way of the samurai had been supplanted by the power of the microchip. The nation had taken on board American culture and adjusted it for their own purpose. This ability to progress with outside influences paved the way for animators such as Kazuhiko Okabe, Taiji Yabushita, Osamu Tezuka, Hayao Miyazaki, Katsuh iro tomo and Mamoru Oshii.It is worthy of note that it has not completely been one-way traffic. The Japanese animators have been influenced by American culture (Disney, comic books, Cyberpunk, etc.) but in turn the Americans, and the West, have imported attributes specifically found in Manga and anime. The creative team behind The Matrix trilogy, Andy and Larry Wachowski, are Japanese anime fans and were the driving force behind the 2003 animated film The Animatrix. Advertising agencies in the United States have also picked up on the popularity of anime with the coca Cola group producing the Obey Your Thirst Voltron campaign, combining anime and hip-hop to sell Sprite.Sales of Manga comics and picture novels in North America grew over 40 per cent to $140 million in 2004.This trend was also boosted when director Hayao Miyazaki won the Oscar for Best A