Essay on The Naïve Man in ohn Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men

Innocence is a theme that few people in the world possess. In the times of John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men, written in 1937 innocence was an even rarer trait than today. However Lennie is one of those few whose innocence was preserved throughout the novel. Because of his immature traits like Childish behavior, naivety, and devotion Lennie goes on to be one of the strongest moral characters in the novel Of Mice and Men. Lennie is very childish throughout this story. For a grown man Lennie has proven to be the most childish. In chapter one when Lennie and George are walking to the ranch, they decide to stop and have a drink. While Lennie is bent down to drink he notices his splashing makes ripples in the water. â€Å"Lennie dabbed his big†¦show more content†¦He thinks that he can yell at her and she will wake up, when that fails he decides to hide her body under some straw and runs for his hiding place. Lennie doesn’t understand what he has done wrong, or that he even did anything wrong. Through this Lennie shows how truly naà ¯ve he can be through his inappropriate actions. Not all of Lennie’s traits are detestable as Lennie also possesses the trait of devotion, a very admirable trait. Lennie proves time and again in Of Mice and Men how devoted he is to his brother-like friend, George. As stated previously, Lennie is a very childish and naà ¯ve individual making him slow to anger. That is why it is so remarkable the intensity of the anger and almost malice he has towards Crooks when he threatens the one person Lennie is devoted to most, George. â€Å"Lennie’s eyes centered and grew quiet and mad. He stood up and walked dangerously towards crooks. ‘Who hurt George?’ He demanded.† (Steinbeck 72). In just a short period of time Lennie went from a calm talk to Crooks to a near brawl over a â€Å"what if† scenario that had not even happened to George. Lennie would have fought to protect the person he puts on a pedestal. While Lennie is not the brightest character he does prove his devotion to George time and again. L ennie is an ingenuous man, innocent in all of the ways in the world. Due to him being slightly slower than others because of a

The Tragedy Of Women s Emancipation - 2018 Words

In The Tragedy of Women’s Emancipation Emma Goldman speaks about how women’s emancipation was false. She argues that the changes were not what they should be and that women were still held behind barriers, just different ones. It is â€Å"the tragic fate† that the â€Å"free woman does not consist of too many, but too few experiences† and that it â€Å"is of too narrow a scope to permit the boundless joy and ecstasy contained in the deep emotion of the true woman† (TWE, p. 2). Because of this lack of experience, women that wish to join the workforce must exert themselves even more than their male counterparts: â€Å"to compete with man, she is often compelled to exhaust all her energy, use up her vitality and strain every nerve in order to reach market†¦show more content†¦4). She sees his belief in retaining his rights as foolish after speaking to a General involved with Buwalda’s imprisonment who told her that â€Å"the first du ty of an officer...is unquestioned obedience† and that â€Å"‘it makes no difference whether he approves of that government or not’†(PML, p. 4-5). In the face of opposition that she found foolish, Goldman found a way to remain optimistic. She places her hope on the â€Å"thinking men and women the world over† (PML, p. 5). As they â€Å"are beginning to realize that patriotism is too narrow and limited a concept to meet the necessities of our time† which has generated â€Å"an international feeling of solidarity among the oppressed† (PML, p. 5). Goldman’s idea of solidarity among the oppressed was not universally experienced, as evident in the division among African Americans during the civil rights movement over how their oppression could be overcome. In Message to the Grassroots, Malik Shabazz does not believe that the nonviolent â€Å"Negro revolution† is a true revolution because the nonviolent movement sought peaceful coexistence between black and white Americans in the same land, and was not a fight for an independant nation. He argues that the â€Å"Negro revolution† is the only one based on â€Å"nonviolence† and â€Å"loving your enemy† but â€Å"that’s no revolution. Revolution is based on land. Land is the basis of all independence† (MTG, p. 3). Shabazz defends thisShow MoreRelatedHaunted Houses By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1705 Words   |  7 Pagesthey were the best of the best. They represented the upper echelons of society, where only the super rich could own. Th e dark secret behind such plantation houses is that they were usually build and maintained by slavery. As time pasted and the Emancipation Proclamation was passed at the end of the American Civil War, slavery ended and the plantation homes fell into ruin. 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Manufacture of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Manufacture of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Answer: Introduction: Inside the pharmaceutical industry, competitive and technological changes like any powerful new drug or any innovative RD partnerships and marketing plans are remodeling the business strategies that are existing inside the industry and several biotechnology companies. Today, many of the organizations are looking for fresh and new ways for increasing productivity, developing treatment modalities and decreases costs that would ultimately help better profitability. Technologies are transforming the business models inside the pharmaceutical industries. Many companies yet have not been able to formulate strategies to include these technological changes, but they are expected to be doing so by the next decade. These latest technologies would be able to help new business segments get activated, and along with them their competitive advantage would get significantly improved. Most of the senior managers and executive have comprehended the importance and business potential that lies within th e latest technologies and their inbuilt concepts. The successful implementation of the latest technologies within the business processes of the pharmaceutical companies would end in a modification across four key areas customer focus, organizational prioritization, uncertainty of revenue streams and enlargement of capabilities (Gereffi 2017). Globalisation is a factor that has influenced all the aspects of the human life on this earth. The pharmaceutical industry is of no exception. Borders are blurring, and along with it is blurring the division of labour. R D has started gaining traction in the present emerging pharmaceutical markets. Many generic companies are looking to flirt with an increased risky proposal of innovation. This novel venture inside the drug development process is piquing the attention of multinational companies that are swooping in as soon the drug had passed the initial stage of testing, and have added their expertise inside marketing, commercialisation and later-stage development. In the context of regulation, increased harmonisation is the biggest prominent result of blurring border. Globalisation is slowly bringing in increased collaboration among countries in the context of drug approvals. With time, the introduction of globalisation regulatory procedures would transform into something more unifi ed all across the world. It is important that the drugs developed receive the global value and has application in any context virtually. It is absolutely vital for any drug to do complete optimisation of the value in each market, at least with the help of open communication lines between head office and regional subsidiaries. Pharmaceutical industries must react to this transformation paradigm immediately to acquire complete benefit from the market (Jungmittag, Reger and Reiss 2013). The pharmaceutical industry is a bit different than the other existing industries. The whole industry is focused upon bettering the lives and health of the patients, all the while generating benefits for satisfying the requirements of the customers and securing funding for research. With time, ideologies of the corporations shifted towards believing that only social responsibility can help increase profits and develop investor returns. Customer value of management in pharmaceutical industries also needs consideration with regards to the shifting attitudes of customers. Following suit of the changing customer needs and preferences, pharmaceutical industry has been a bit slow in following suit. The payment systems and competition has become a factor in patient experience. Economic complications of the customer behaviour in this industry has become more complex. Consumers might have a limited veto power in choosing and pricing the prescriptions, but they have strong opinions regarding t he industry, the products and the expectations existing for a constructive customer expectation. At present drug makers are increasingly attempting to prove that their product value crosses across established safety and efficacy measures. In doing so, they would require assistance from patients, who are the most suitable for providing real-time insights on how a product works (Abzakh, Ling and Alkilani 2013). Over the last decade, big pharma giants like Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Novartisannounced large layoffs. The whole industry is a complete mess. The situation is unfortunate, with the companies having fewer new drugs in the pipeline and they facing expiring patents on the biggest sellers. The situation for the job seekers and the fresh graduates are tough, with the situation being highly competitive. The industry has become very unattainable as a workplace, asking the job seekers to adapt accordingly. New drugs have always faced a tough situation in the industry, they have taken longer times to be developed and have costed a lot of money for the development process. Out of every 10,000 newly synthesized drugs only one and two are marketed in the end. Development of drugs is getting tougher. New science and technology breakthroughs are proved of not being able to translate into drugs. The revenue generation, which was once a robust process, have become a drying pipeline and destined of falling. The whole pharmaceutical industry is established on the old products for proper revenue. Moreover, the industry is approaching in the direction of eminent expiration of a huge number of patents that would help allow generic drug producers of producing cheaper versions of their most successful drugs (Bolweg 2012). Producers in the pharmaceutical business are ceaselessly endeavoring to modify the solicitations of meeting overall controls and production costs, with a true objective to make the most inventive imaginative work while moreover conveying secured, reliable prescription drugs. Besides those industries in which safety is considered to be extremely critical, the pharmaceutical industry is completely regulated for taking care of obvious reasons errors in the case of production or product design has the possibility of having severe and even fatal results for patients. It is the responsibility of the manufacturers for establishing and implementing some effective pharmaceutical Quality Assurance systems that involves the active partaking of the personnel and management of the involved service. For making sure of safety and quality of the products, the quality approach is built around some good manufacturing practices by the pharmaceutical companies. Creators in the pharmaceutical business a re ceaselessly endeavoring to alter the solicitations of meeting overall headings and production costs, with a true objective to convey the most innovative research. Implementation of a feasible quality assurance approach is the most basic target of pharmaceutical industry. The possibility of quality assurance and quality control together makes towards ensuring the quality, prosperity and reasonability of pharmaceutical products. In this way, quality is fundamentally basic settling to various leveled accomplishment today, which can be proficient by total quality management (TQM), a legitimate approach that spotlights on quality as a comprehensive goal, went for the balancing activity of flaws instead of revelation of disfigurements. It is a rationale and routine concerning integrative quality management system got worldwide in pharmaceutical organizations close by other managerial requirements and progression while moreover conveying protected, tried and true prescription drugs (Bui jink, Visser and Marshall 2013). The pharmaceutical industry sees a huge and exceptional opportunity in the emerging manufacturing markets. It has been seen that sales in this industry has doubled in 5 years, especially in the BRICS and MIST countries. The shift towards these new global manufacturing markets has been credited to growing prosperity, increasing life expectancy and large populations in the BRICS and MIST countries. Moreover, with this the companies have started facing flattened growth of developed markets, with rigid regulations enforced in the mature markets and expiration of patents that directs to the up-selling of inexpensive generic drugs. Thus, these emerging global manufacturing markets are in need of special attention. The pharmaceutical companies need to adopt strategies that are tailored for fulfilling their wish of expansion in the global manufacturing markets in a pace of development of the countries. The increase in wealth and longevity is bringing a change in the lifestyle of people. Thes e changes are, however, bringing a shift in disease pattern. This implies that the pharmaceutical industries have the option of marketing their global products in these new countries and new markets. Conquering these global manufacturing markets can prove to be difficult for the industries, faced in the forms of cost-containment policies, value-driven drug evaluation and infrastructure development (Biehl and Petryna 2013). The development of the pharmaceutical market is anticipated to be basically motivated by new product launches, especially those of branded drugs. There are some major factors that are deciding the magnitude and effectiveness. Among them three most important factors are discussed below: As to new product launches, resource sharing incorporates development of a gathering of specialists who orchestrate the distinctive launch availability practices and about manage all parts of the launch. An action plan that relies upon a course of occasions for each endeavor provoking the launch must be pulled in up well advance and the gathering must be made of prepared individuals that can go about as a run of the mill resource to train, guide and help the human resources that are at the front line of the attempts being contributed for the launch. The course of occasions must perceive key activities to be elegantly completed inside a particular period and must charge the gathering of pros with adherence to the foreordained periods. Owing to the extension in the improvement rate of the extent of pharmaceutical products available, there is a radical new choice of bunch and mass packaging options for the drug business to investigate (Swayne, Duncan and Ginter 2012). However, the pharm aceutical associations need to suitably understand the specific edges, for instance, biochemical reactions, computational fluid movement and restricted part examination that perceive these machines from the standard ones. To fathom and use the data with the objective that the right machinery course of action comes to fruition, there must be a between helpful leading group of authorities to give insights in regards to possible results and assessments of how the plan and stream of the new machinery may impact the production/transport of the to-be made drugs and also the endeavored and attempted ones. Dismissed helpful needs that demand bewildering treatment courses of action require conceptualizing from different learning groups inside the association. With a particular true objective to develop a suitable product, phenomenal examination and composed attempts must be set up. With a particular ultimate objective to make an important progress, there won't not be a necessity for broadly qualified principle masters as the example is to equip technology-raised game plans. For instance, mobile technology is basically successfully used as a piece of streamlining clinical trials and for an unrivaled game plan of patient seeing in that. Another technique for resource sharing is to have a widened association with little and medium associations in rising economies like India where gifted and moreover inept work is available at an appealing cash sparing favorable position (Garavan 2012). As per the definition given by APICS Dictionary, Supply Chain is the layout, planning, execution, control, and checking of supply chain practices with the objective of influencing net to value, creating a competitive establishment, using general logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring execution universally. In case pharmaceutical associations don't look at grasping a handy and a capable, process-orchestrated supply chain model, the survival, as time goes on, is constantly a question mark. It was bankrupt down that the pharmaceutical associations should produce best-in-exhibit capacities in the subsequent zones (Stadtler 2015). Forecasting and planning Procurement Production Customer Management In the event that one in some way or another figured out how to look at the pharmaceutical market 5 to 10 years back, it is stunning to understand that associations centred around production was twofold of the veritable market demand. Undoubtedly, it was a keen idea around then as there were no price weights and that helped the associations to benefit big time with adequate stock in the distribution channels. In the current state of high price and edge weights, it is reasonable for the associations to wear down the demand driven supply chain management by diminishing the stock in inventories. DemandDriven Practices As indicated by the AMR list, the primary 25 associations on the planet are demand driven. Sharpening the demand driven gauges in the supply chain is a key measure to finish the best position of the AMR list. It is exceptionally endorsed to the pharmaceutical associations to watch the demand driven models or practices keeping in mind the end goal to benefit by the supply chain system. In demand driven supply chain management, associations simply supervise demand instead of responding to it. Be that as it may, it is a settled assurance, most of the associations over the world are still in a pickle while taking a decision on forecasting and planning. Interchange factors inciting unfortunate forecasting are perhaps a nonattendance of demand detectable quality, multifaceted sales channels with comprehended wholesalers, overall operations and FDA consistence. The forecasting plan should be clear and the planning should be with the end goal that constrains the stock by coming to or outperforming the customer demands or needs (Uthayakumar and Priyan 2013). Restricting the costs is the key. Associations can finish profit by offering more and in addition by spending less to the extent working costs. E-procurement has ended up being incredibly outstanding in this impelled technology-driven market to make possible lower transaction costs and in-time procurement. There are some awesome e-procurement applications expected for the pharmaceutical business available in the market and these applications would help in directing supplier relations. As indicated by investigate, it was found that associations can save around 10 to 15 percent on procurement and furthermore year-over-year savings would connect with 4 to 5 percent with the help of key supplier management. As pharmaceutical associations need to keep up the FDA compliances, it is underlined that they get into a consistence focused supplier management model. The convergence of procurement should move from price diminish on a singular purchase to sound associations and cutting down total c ost of procurement and management (Uthayakumar and Priyan 2013). Pharmaceutical industry is known for its specific rigging, long lead times and regulatory prerequisites. The long lead time is the most outrageous worry for the best management of the associations. The long lead times put associations in a situation wherein they can't react to changes quickly. Also, the extended contention between the flat drug makers demands shorter batch creating shapes. Each one of these components exhibit that there is an imperative augmentation for the adjustments in the production condition. As most of the pharmaceutical associations spread their wings all around, production and other related capacities have ended up being weaker. The overall condition raises a couple of request which require exact answers: Which production sites require more investments and which among them ought to be stripped? Which production site is to be chosen for which product? Where are dependable suppliers and unassuming work best available? How about saving on transaction costs when endeavoring to subcontract? How to survey the vital variables, for instance, productivity, disgraceful work, time of apparatus and compliances of production sites? The right reactions to these requests would upgrade the return on investment of a pharmaceutical association. Shift Towards Smaller BatchProduction and Profile-Specific Drugs Moving towards more diminutive batches would be an ideal practice for pharmaceutical associations in the current condition. The demand for profile-specific drugs is getting extended well ordered. We can unmistakably say by looking current condition that customers would expect that associations do drug fitting for custom batches of one. Exactly when the production system is moved to the more diminutive batches, obviously the forecasting and planning and courses of action of production apparatus would require noteworthy investment. Likely, it may take a couple of years to accomplish an enduring production process. As discussed, the going with two critical trends would distinctly impact the pharmaceutical business in the coming decade. Shorter batch production Retailers and end customers would be added to the prompt customer base of the collecting associations. Pharmaceutical associations need to quickly conform to the change that will without a doubt happen later on. Possibly, the beforehand specified two unavoidable trends would demand resizing the distribution perspective. Genuinely, it is foreseen that the associations need to change themselves from tremendous palette distribution to little package distribution to welcome the achievement in the market in the coming decade. The moved technologies available to the end-customers while chasing down the cost intense and best service channels make more demand from the retailers and direct end customers. It is basically an issue of serving the consistent demand by getting to the end customers in the market. Getting into the strategy for getting to the continuous demand is not too basic and associations need to pull up their socks to look at the right plan of action that can fit take impending change into walk (Uthayakumar and Priyan 2013). The pharmaceutical business takes after general quality necessities essential to RD firms, explanatory control laboratories, and mixture plants. It in like manner has characteristics of coordinated endeavors, in light of its impact on people's prosperity. Additionally, as a technique industry that takes off manufactured and physical enhancements on materials, it has its own, specific quality issues. Likewise, packaging must propel inalterability of the product and add to its protection. Pharmaceutical products are made in different structures: liquids, powder, cream, tablets, cases, eye drops, ointment, et cetera. This arrangement, mixed it up of existing pharmaceuticals, each one with specific effects, entraps quality examinations among products and laboratories (Poechlauer et al. 2012). Generally speaking, the wellsprings of quality of a pharmaceutical product are found as much in the procedures and perspectives towards quality showed by management and work drive as in the traits of the examination focus' RD shapes, product design, supplier assurance and management, operations management and human resource management. More especially, the GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) rules and the GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) models are quality sources in the pharmaceutical business. Finally, in a significantly more specific sense, it is possible to distinguish specific sources contrasting with 6 particular quality estimations of a pharmaceutical product. Persuasive perspectives towards quality and the utilization of appropriate management structures remarkably propel upgrades in the quality of a product or service. Quality wellsprings of a pharmaceutical product can be requested into nonexclusive sources and specific sources. The past join arrangements applicable to an ext ensive variety of products, for instance, the quality of arrangements gave by pariahs, or the perspectives toward quality showed by managers; among non-particular sources we point out corporate culture, on account of its noteworthiness. On the other hand, specific sources are those that theoretically illuminate specific quality estimations (Lawrence et al. 2014). The quality in the pharmaceutical business has transformed into a fundamental subject. Since the world has gathered to coordinate its practices and controls and the launching of the FDA current extraordinary amassing practices there has been a creating care for the significance of the quality of the pharmaceutical products. This care is addressed through the nearness of a couple of definitions describing definitely what the quality of the solution should be. In an affiliation that is intending to apply a suitable quality risk management approach, a sensible importance of what is considered "risk" should be endless supply of an unreasonable number of accomplices in the pharmaceutical business and their contrasting varying interests (Khanna 2012). References Abzakh, A.A., Ling, K.C. and Alkilani, K., 2013. The impact of perceived risks on the consumer resistance towards generic drugs in the malaysia pharmaceutical industry.International Journal of Business and Management,8(3), p.42. Biehl, J. and Petryna, A. eds., 2013.When people come first: critical studies in global health. Princeton University Press. Bolweg, J.F., 2012.Job design and industrial democracy: The case of Norway(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Buijink, A.W., Visser, B.J. and Marshall, L., 2013. Medical apps for smartphones: lack of evidence undermines quality and safety.Evid Based Med,18(3), pp.90-92. Garavan, T.N., 2012. Global talent management in science-based firms: an exploratory investigation of the pharmaceutical industry during the global downturn.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(12), pp.2428-2449. Gereffi, G., 2017.The pharmaceutical industry and dependency in the third world. Princeton University Press. Jimnez-Gonzlez, C., Constable, D.J. and Ponder, C.S., 2012. Evaluating the Greenness of chemical processes and products in the pharmaceutical industrya green metrics primer.Chemical Society Reviews,41(4), pp.1485-1498. Jungmittag, A., Reger, G. and Reiss, T. eds., 2013.Changing innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: globalization and new ways of drug development. Springer Science Business Media. Khanna, I., 2012. Drug discovery in pharmaceutical industry: productivity challenges and trends.Drug discovery today,17(19), pp.1088-1102. Lanez, J.M., Schaefer, E. and Reklaitis, G.V., 2012. Challenges and opportunities in enterprise-wide optimization in the pharmaceutical industry.Computers Chemical Engineering,47, pp.19-28. Lawrence, X.Y., Amidon, G., Khan, M.A., Hoag, S.W., Polli, J., Raju, G.K. and Woodcock, J., 2014. Understanding pharmaceutical quality by design.The AAPS journal,16(4), pp.771-783. Poechlauer, P., Manley, J., Broxterman, R., Gregertsen, B. and Ridemark, M., 2012. Continuous processing in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished dosage forms: an industry perspective.Organic Process Research Development,16(10), pp.1586-1590. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Swayne, L.E., Duncan, W.J. and Ginter, P.M., 2012.Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons. Uthayakumar, R. and Priyan, S., 2013. Pharmaceutical supply chain and inventory management strategies: optimization for a pharmaceutical company and a hospital.Operations Research for Health Care,2(3), pp.52-64.

Literature review The graduation and unemployment difficulties of adolescents with learning and behaviour disabilities

Introduction Among the significant percentage of people in the world suffering from various disabilities are adolescents in secondary schools, post-secondary institutions and colleges as well as those in employment. Two of the major disabilities affecting students are: learning disability and behaviour disability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature review: The graduation and unemployment difficulties of adolescents with learning and behaviour disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Grenwelge, Zhang and Landmark (2010), defines leaning disability as inability of one of the primary or learning processes such as writing, spelling and reading is not functioning as effectively as it is supposed to. On the other hand, emotional or behavioural disability has been defined as a condition characterized by extreme emotional change leading to persistent behavioural change. These two conditions can adversely aff ect educational performance amongst the students, as well as career performance for the employed adolescents. A learning disability for example causes young children difficulty in achieving success in education, despite the fact that they can perform some tasks very effectively. This study explores the difficulties experienced by young adolescents with the two disabilities defined above, with the aim of coming up with effective strategies make the situation better for them. This literature review separately focuses on the two categorical difficulties faced by the young adolescents: negative outcome of graduation and negative outcome in employment (Al-Yagon, 2011). Graduation Negative Outcomes According to Hamzah, Subramaniam and Abdullah (2009), statistics indicate that in 2003 alone, there was a 10% high school dropout in the US, a larger portion of which was made up of students with disabilities. This is an indication that a large percentage of students with behavioural and learni ng disability do not get to graduate from high school. There are a number of factors that lead to this. One of the causes of high school dropout of this group of students is the feeling of being out of place (Kemp, 2006). Students with learning and behavioural disability give up easily on high school education because they may feel that no one is there for them to identify with them and care for them. Most of the time they could be secure knowing that there is an elderly person to help them in making decisions when they cannot make them on their own. For example, learning disability is believed to be as a result of the inability of the nervous system to coordinate properly.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This causes a challenge in reception, processing and communication of basic information. This means that sometimes students suffering this disability cannot make important decisions that affect their future, thus they need someone to look up to during such moments. Secondly, students with such disabilities are prone to be involved in risky behavior. According to Mihandoost (2011), students having learning disability may choose to be involved in risky behaviour in order to substitute the thought of being â€Å"stupid† with being â€Å"bad†. The result of such behaviour is suspension from school or poor academic performance, eventually resulting in failure to graduate. Poor academic performance especially for students with learning disabilities may result from lack of consistence in their knowledge. For example, a learning disability student may read and comprehend a topic well, but fail to do an examination on the same topic because that student cannot write what he knows. The end result is that this student won’t be able to graduate because he couldn’t pass his examinations (Kemp, 2006). Just like other students, learning and behavio ural disability students undergo a lot of stress in life. Unlike other students, the students with these disabilities cannot withstand that much stress. This is why they reach a point where they disregard the value of post-secondary education in their future. The result of this is that they drop out and they don’t get to graduate (Sinclair, Christenson, Thurlow, 2005). Self-esteem is important in the academic performance of any student. There is a tendency of disabled students to lose their self-esteem when they face frustrations from themselves and from the surrounding people. This group of students will work so hard to achieve certain goals, but they are emotionally battered when they don’t achieve the goals. This leads to a rise in frustration and an eventual loss of interest in academics (Horowitz, 2009). Another factor that affects the graduation of students with disabilities is the lack of proper accommodation in schools. According to Reschly and Christenson (20 06), research has shown that colleges and universities are increasing the efforts to provide necessary facilities to accommodate students with disabilities. Despite these effort, statistics carried out by NCES indicated that 20% of students in colleges who admitted to be having learning disabilities claimed that they were not receiving proper accommodation in their studies. Research has sadly shown that these students are made to feel out of place by some institutions. These are institutions which view students with disabilities as a cause of distractions for other â€Å"normal† students, thus the institutions have no place for such students. To make the situation even worse, sometimes the society does not think that these young people have any need for education; hence they don’t bother to support them in education. This leads to dropout before they graduate (Sin, Francis, Cook, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature review: The grad uation and unemployment difficulties of adolescents with learning and behaviour disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unemployment Negative Outcomes The challenges experienced by young adolescents with learning and behavioural disabilities do not stop at the learning level. Even those who manage to graduate despite the many hindrances still face difficulty in the job market as a result of their disability. The challenges experienced in institutions of learning have a direct impact on the performance of young disabled people in different careers. Most of these people enter the job market with insufficient skills attained at the post-secondary institutions. This puts them in a very stiff position where they cannot compete favourably with others in the job market. The outcome is that they end up missing the positions of employment (Groce, 2004). According to George and Kidd (2011), some companies become hesitant to hire disabled people due to social prejudice as well as lack of confidence in their ability. Therefore, they rarely employ these people. Another cause of unemployment among young people with learning and behavioural disabilities is limitation in skills. Due to lack of proper coordination, this group of people has a limited choice of career, leading to limited skills. This makes it very hard and takes them very long to find relevant employment in their training field (Nind, Flewitt, Payler, 2010). According to the research conducted by Lehr and Lange (2003), some of the employees with learning and behavioural disabilities admit that their disability hampers them from using the most recent, common and effective technologies in their organizations. These employees are at a risk of being laid off their job for others who can use such technologies. Others disabled employees simply quit their jobs because they cannot cope with the conditions in these places in terms of accommodation for the workers wi th such disabilities. More research needs to be conducted to explore ways in which such organizations can come up with proper accommodation for workers with disabilities (Mallett, Stoddard-Dare, Workman-Crewnshaw, 2011). The same research also shows that most of the young employees who have learning, behavioural and other disabilities choose to hide these disabilities from their employers and workmates. The major reason for making this choice is fear of stigmatization discrimination in the work place.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research also indicates that the employees choose to hide the disabilities because there is a possibility that the employers will monitor them more closely with the anticipation of a mistake in their work, which makes it hard for them to cope as well as to avoid being fired (Maehler, Schuchardt, 2011). Finally, the study of Repetto et al. (2010), indicates that most of the people with learning disability at the job market cope with the conditions depending on their past experiences in secondary and post-secondary institutions. These experiences include self-esteem level, treatment by others as well as the academic skills obtained. Conclusion It can be concluded that there are many challenges that young adolescents with learning and behavioural disabilities face, both in attaining graduation and in search of employment. In line with the National Council on Disability (2004), there is a need to increase effort to ensure that many students in this disability group not only graduat e, but also find comfortable employment. Further research is therefore necessary to explore ways in which these conditions can be improved. References Al-Yagon, M. (2011). Fathers’ Emotional Resources and Children’s Socioemotional and Behavioral Adjustment among Children with Learning Disabilities. Journal of Child Family Studies, 20(5), 569-584. George, C., Kidd, G. (2011). Effectiveness of a parent training programme adapted for children with a learning disability. Learning Disability Practice, 14(8), 18- 24. Grenwelge, C., Zhang, D., Landmark, L. (2010). Comprehensive Leadership Training for Youth with Disabilities. Teaching Exceptional Children, 42(4), 62- 68. Groce, E.N. (2004). Adoloscents and Youth with Disability: Issues and Challenges. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Jourrnal, 15(2), 13-32. Hamzah, M., Subramaniam, V., Abdullah, S. (2009). Effectiveness of the selected techniques in enhancing the achievement in science among the children with learni ng disabilities: Sharing experiences. US-China Education Review, 6(9), 67-84. Horowitz, S.H. (2009). Behavioral and Learning Disabilities. Web. Kemp, S. (2006). Dropout Policies and Trends for Students with and Without Disabilities. Adolescence, 41(162), 235-250. Lehr, C., Lange, C. (2003). Alternative Schools Serving Students With and Without Disabilities: What Are the Current Issues and Challenges? Preventing School Failure, 47(2), 59. Maehler, C., Schuchardt, K. (2011). Working Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities: Rethinking the criterion of discrepancy. International Journal of Disability, Development Education, 58(1), 5-17. Mallett, C., Stoddard-Dare, P., Workman-Crewnshaw, L. (2011). Special Education Disabilities and Juvenile Delinquency: A Unique Challenge for School Social Work. School Social Work Journal, 36(1), 26-40. Mihandoost, Z. (2011). The Survey of Correlate Causes of Learning Disabilities Prevalence among Elementary Students. Asian Social Science, 7(7 ), 194- 198. National Council on Disability. (2004). Improving Educational Outcomes for Students with Disabilities. Web. Nind, M., Flewitt, R., Payler, J. (2010). The social experience of early childhood for children with learning disabilities: inclusion, competence and agency. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 31(6), 653-670. Repetto, J. et al. (2010). Virtual High Schools: Improving Outcomes for Students with Disabilities. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 11(2), 91-104. Reschly, A., Christenson, S. (2006). Prediction of Dropout among Students with Mild Disabilities: A Case for the Inclusion of Student Engagement Variables. Remedial Special Education, 27(5), 276-292. Sin, C., Francis, R., Cook, C. (2010). Access to and experience of child and adolescent mental health services: barriers to children and young people with learning disabilities and their families. Mental Health Review Journal, 15(1), 20-28. Sinclair, M., Christenson, S., Thurlow, M. (2005). Promoti ng School Completion of Urban Secondary Youth with Emotional or Behavioral Disabilities. Exceptional Children, 71(4), 465-482. This essay on Literature review: The graduation and unemployment difficulties of adolescents with learning and behaviour disabilities was written and submitted by user F1sher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.